Rice seedlings
The scientific name of *Branchiura sowerbyi* Beddard is a member of the annelid family, classified under the class Oligochaeta, and is considered a primitive earthworm. Commonly known as red sand worms or drum mud worms, this species is widely distributed across the country. It primarily inhabits rice paddies and various vegetable fields, where it feeds on organic matter in the soil. Although it does not directly feed on rice seedlings, its activities can cause significant damage to young plants. Damage characteristics include the worm's habit of burrowing into the soil and disturbing the top layer, which can lead to seeds being buried too deeply to germinate or causing seedlings to fall over, resulting in gaps in the crop rows and reduced yield. Morphological features of adult *Branchiura sowerbyi* include a body length of 50–80 mm, with a reddish-brown coloration. They have more than 120 segments, and along the middle of the dorsal side, there are fine, thread-like tubercles. The front part of the body remains buried in the soil, while the rear portion extends slightly above the surface, oscillating rhythmically. When disturbed, they quickly retract into the ground. Their habitat consists of low-lying, muddy fields rich in humus and waterlogged areas. These worms often live in groups, with populations ranging from 20 to 30 individuals, and can reach over 100 in certain conditions. They are less common in sandy layers within the mud. Activity begins when the surface temperature reaches 10°C, becoming more active at 12°C in early spring. As temperatures rise, they gradually move toward the surface. Their peak activity occurs at around 20°C. When the soil temperature reaches 21°C and the humidity is high (over 50%), especially when surface temperatures are warmer than deeper soil layers, the worms emerge to feed and reproduce. Some of their bristles can be seen protruding from the soil, swaying in waves. They excrete large amounts of castings, up to 20–30 times per day, which can damage young plants. Control methods include using 0.1% tea dry solution to rinse seedling roots, with 5–10 kg of tea dry per 667 m² mixed with 250–300 kg of water. Another effective method is applying a 150-fold dilution of spray-thaw and puppet worm wettable powder to prevent infestations. For chemical control, 50 ml of 50% phoxim, 508 g of 90% trichlorfon crystals, or 100 ml of 80% dichlorvos per 667 m² can be diluted with a small amount of water and mixed with 30 kg of fine sand, then applied with 60 kg of water. In areas where these worms cause significant damage, it is recommended to apply well-composted organic fertilizers and implement agricultural practices such as intermittent irrigation or crop rotation to reduce infestation risks. Disposable Electroencephalogram Monitoring Sensor Disposable Electroencephalogram Monitoring Sensor,Anesthesia Depth Sensor,Eeg Equipment,Eeg Disposable Sensor JIANGSU JIANLAIBANG MEDICAL EOUIPMENT CO.,LTD , https://www.jsjlbmed.com