Rice and shrimp symbiotic technology
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The practice of farming freshwater crayfish in rice paddies is a sustainable and integrated agricultural model that combines rice cultivation with aquaculture. This system leverages the shallow water environment of paddy fields, supplemented by human intervention, to grow both rice and shrimp simultaneously. The concept behind this method is mutual benefit—where the presence of crayfish helps control pests and weeds, while the rice provides shelter and food for the crustaceans. It's often referred to as "rice in the field, shrimp in the field," highlighting the coexistence of both species.
To implement this system, careful planning and preparation are essential. First, the selection of suitable rice fields is crucial. The water source must be abundant, clean, and easily accessible for irrigation and drainage. The soil should be fertile, ideally a mix of clay and sandy loam. The area of the field should be large enough, typically ranging from 10 to over 100 acres, as larger areas tend to be more efficient and easier to manage.
Next, the construction of fish ditches plays a vital role. A circular ditch is dug around the paddy field, and for larger fields, additional ditches shaped like “tian†(heaven), “chuan†(stream), or “well†are created. These ditches help provide a habitat for the crayfish and also aid in water management. The dimensions of these ditches are carefully designed to ensure proper water flow and space for the animals.
Raising the embankments is another important step. The earth dug from the ditches is compacted to form high, sturdy ridges that prevent water leakage and protect the field from overflow. Anti-escape measures are also necessary, such as installing high-density plastic boards or combining mesh with hard plastic films to prevent the crayfish from escaping. Inlet and outlet openings must be protected with double-layer nets to keep predators out and maintain water quality.
Before planting rice, preparatory steps include clearing the ditches, using lime or other treatments to eliminate unwanted aquatic life, and fertilizing the water with organic materials. Aquatic plants like Hydrilla, Vallisneria, and water hyacinths are introduced to create a natural habitat for the crayfish and support their growth.
When it comes to rice cultivation, choosing the right variety is key. Short-season, disease-resistant, and lodging-resistant varieties are preferred. Proper application of base fertilizer ensures good soil fertility. Seedlings are transplanted using methods that promote good ventilation and spacing, which helps both the rice and the crayfish thrive.
Stocking crayfish requires careful timing and density. Preparations include cleaning the ditches, applying lime, and ensuring the water is properly enriched before introducing the young lobsters. Planting aquatic vegetation in the ditches helps create a balanced ecosystem. Stocking is usually done early in the season to maximize growth periods and take advantage of natural food sources.
Water level management is critical throughout the growing season. Initially, the water is kept shallow, gradually increasing as the rice grows and the crayfish mature. Maintaining optimal water depth supports both crops and helps regulate temperature and oxygen levels.
Feeding practices involve a mix of natural and artificial feeds. Natural food sources like snails and aquatic plants are encouraged, while supplementary feeds such as fish meal, vegetable matter, and grains are used to ensure adequate nutrition. Feeding schedules are adjusted based on the activity and consumption of the crayfish.
Fertilization is done carefully to avoid harming the crayfish. Organic manures are preferred, and chemical fertilizers are avoided unless absolutely necessary. Pesticide use is minimized, and when needed, it’s done cautiously to prevent harm to the crustaceans.
Field drying is performed periodically to improve water quality and reduce disease risks. During this time, water levels are lowered, and the ditches are monitored to ensure no blockages occur. After drying, the water level is restored promptly.
Disease prevention focuses on maintaining a clean environment and monitoring for potential threats. Predators like snakes, birds, and rodents are managed through physical barriers and deterrents. Regular inspections of the field, water quality, and infrastructure are essential to detect and address issues early.
Finally, harvesting takes place after the rice has been collected. The water level is raised to encourage the crayfish to move into the ditches, where they can be caught using traps. This integrated approach not only increases productivity but also promotes environmental sustainability and economic benefits for farmers.