Actively prevent paraquat poisoning
Capsicum Frutescens Var,Pure Natural Bullet Pepper,Additive Free Chili Capsicum Frutescens Var,The Base Picks Peppers Directly Guizhou Guisanhong Food Co., Ltd , http://www.guisanhong.com
In the past two years, cases of paraquat poisoning have been increasing rapidly, raising serious concerns about its misuse and health risks. This article will explore the toxicity of paraquat and aim to raise awareness among farmers and the general public about the dangers associated with this herbicide.
Paraquat, also known as "gramoxone" or "bipyridyl," is a contact herbicide widely used in agriculture for its fast-acting and effective weed control properties. Although it was one of the first herbicides developed globally, its use has declined in many countries due to its high level of toxicity. However, it remains commonly used in China, where regulatory enforcement is not as strict as in other regions.
The product typically comes in a 20% to 50% aqueous solution and can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract, or digestive system. Oral exposure is the most common route of poisoning, with a lethal dose ranging from 5 to 10 milliliters. Symptoms may appear within five days, including ulcers in the mouth and esophagus, followed by fever, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, pulmonary edema and hemoptysis (coughing up blood) can occur within 48 hours. Pulmonary fibrosis often leads to respiratory and circulatory failure, which is the main cause of death. The mortality rate for paraquat poisoning is alarmingly high, reaching around 90%.
If someone accidentally ingests paraquat, immediate action is crucial. First, gastric lavage should be performed as soon as possible using an alkaline solution, such as activated charcoal or citric acid, to neutralize the toxin and prevent further absorption. Magnesium sulfate and other laxatives may help speed up excretion. Since there is currently no specific antidote, treatment focuses on supportive care, organ protection, and symptom management.
Lung protection is essential, as paraquat causes oxidative stress by generating free radicals that damage lung tissue. Administering antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C, and vitamin E can help reduce cellular damage. Mechanical ventilation may also be necessary to improve oxygenation and reduce lung injury. Blood purification techniques, such as hemoperfusion, are recommended for patients who survive beyond 48 hours, as they can significantly improve outcomes.
According to the Chinese national standard GB (implemented in 2004), all paraquat products must include an emetic agent, such as PP796 (triazolyssoxime), to induce vomiting and reduce absorption. However, some manufacturers fail to comply with these regulations, either omitting the emetic or using insufficient amounts. This lack of compliance increases the risk of poisoning, especially among those unaware of the dangers.
Environmental standards for paraquat are also being tightened. The current limit for pyridine is 5 mg/L, and for paraquat ions, it is 0.1 mg/L. Some companies, like Xinyuan, have adopted stricter emission limits—2 mg/L for pyridine and 0.03 mg/L for paraquat. In special areas, even lower thresholds apply, at 1 mg/L for pyridine and 0.01 mg/L for paraquat. Existing companies are expected to upgrade their treatment systems to meet these new standards.
To prevent further incidents, stronger regulation and public education on the safe handling and use of paraquat are urgently needed. Raising awareness about the severe consequences of poisoning can help reduce accidental exposures and protect both human health and the environment.