Soilless substrate cultivation, base for the growth of mushrooms
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Soilless substrate cultivation is a fundamental method for growing mushrooms, offering significant advantages in yield, flavor, appearance, and overall quality. As peat resources become limited and are restricted by many countries from large-scale extraction, using soilless substrates has become a more sustainable and effective option. The key lies in utilizing locally available waste materials combined with beneficial microorganisms to create an ideal growing medium.
To prepare a high-quality soilless substrate, start by collecting 10 cubic meters of deciduous tree leaves, crop stalks, or grass. Pile them into large heaps, ensuring they are compacted properly to reduce volume. Next, mix 2.5 kg of urea with 150–200 kg of water and evenly spray it over the pile. The moisture content should reach 60–70%, providing essential nitrogen for microbial activity. After soaking, cover the heap with an air-permeable material and let it sit for 24 hours.
The next step involves preparing a microbial inoculum. Mix 2 kg of golden baby microbial fermentation broth with 5 kg of rice bran to create a nutrient-rich bacterial culture. This mixture acts as a "starter" that will be spread over the organic material. This process, known as "inoculation," introduces beneficial microbes that help break down the organic matter efficiently.
Once the inoculum is evenly distributed, cover the heap again with an air-permeable tarp, protecting it from direct sunlight and rain. Within 5–10 days, the temperature inside the pile will rise to 55–60°C, indicating active fermentation. At this stage, turn the pile once to ensure even decomposition. Repeat the turning process 2–3 times until the fermentation is complete.
This method not only reduces waste but also creates a nutrient-rich, sustainable substrate that supports healthy mushroom growth. It’s an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach that can be adapted easily in various regions, making it a smart choice for both small-scale and commercial mushroom growers.