Greenhouse cultivation management technology
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(2) Whole planting. Before the cultivation, the land was deep-grown and sun-dried. In the middle of the planting stage, 1,000 kg of manure was applied and 30 kg of compound fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer. After that, the land was plowed and leveled to make the plutonium 1.2-1.3 meters wide. Plant two rows and set the plant distance 0.4-0.5 meters. 3 hours before planting, the seedbed scratched the water and the healthy seedlings were planted with soil. Planting should not be too deep so as not to affect growth. After planting, rooting water should be poured to facilitate survival. Colonization time is generally cloudy or after 3:30 in the afternoon.
(3) fertilizer and water management. After broccoli is planted, it is usually watered once every 5-7 days. During the growing season, if the dry soil has poor water retention, it can be watered once every 3-4 days. To keep the soil moist to promote plant growth, allow sufficient leaf count (usually a few 15-17 leaves) and larger leaf area before emergence, and lay the foundation for the formation of quality flower bulbs and high yields.
The plant size of broccoli is proportional to the size of the flower bulb. In addition to the application of base fertilizer, it is also necessary to pay attention to timely dressing to promote the full development of the plant. Especially for early-maturing varieties, we must grasp early-stage fertilizers. The top dressing of broccoli has 3 times, the first time around 7 days after the planting and survival, every 1/15 ha (1 mu) is irrigated with 10 kg of urea; the second topdressing is 15 days after the first top dressing. Every 1/15 hectare (1 mu) is top-dressed with 20 kg compound fertilizer. When the top dressing has been formed for the third time, in order to promote the increase of weight of the top flower bulb, 5 kg of urea can be applied per 1/15 hectare (1 mu), but the amount should not be too much. At the same time, special attention should be paid to increasing the application of boron and potassium fertilizers to prevent yellowing of the flower bud surface and cracks at the base of the flower stem. Therefore, in the seedling and budding stage can be foliar fertilizer, with 0.5% borax or boric acid for extra-root fertilizer 2 - 3 times, plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying 1-2 times. This has a significant effect on preventing yellowing of flower buds and cracking at the base of flower stems. After the main ball is harvested, it is also necessary to continue top-dressing the varieties with side branches, so as to promote the growth of lateral flowers and increase the yield.
(4) Temperature and humidity control. The broccoli is like cold and is a semi-cold-resistant vegetable. The optimum temperature for plant growth is 20-22°C, and the suitable temperature for bud development is 15-18°C. More than 25 °C poor growth and susceptible, below 5 °C, slow growth. Therefore, when cultivating broccoli in a greenhouse, the temperature must be controlled first. When the broccoli enters into a prosperous growth period, the temperature in the shed should be controlled at 25-20°C. If the temperature is higher than 25°C, proper ventilation is required to prevent the stems and leaves from becoming long and the curd will become smaller. During the formation of bulbs, the temperature should be controlled at 20-15°C. Above 20°C, it should be ventilated. Due to the large temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the shed, more dew would be condensed on the film covering the booth. Therefore, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride should be used without drip film, and at the same time, it should be properly ventilated and dehumidified.
Broccoli bogey dry, afraid of embarrassment, rain should be ruled out in time. During the development of flower bulbs, the maximum amount of water is required and the water supply should be guaranteed. Wet soil must be maintained throughout the growing period. Pay attention to weeding and weeding.
(5) Pest control. The main diseases of broccoli are black rot, soft rot, and sclerotia. The main insect pests are locusts, cabbage worms, and diamondback moth larvae.
(6) Harvesting. The flower ball of broccoli is composed of small flower buds, and does not stop developing after the completion of the differentiation. After the large flower buds are grown, if the temperature is higher, the yellow petals will bloom to expose the flower balls to become yellow and lose their food value. Therefore, when the curd reaches the maturity standard of the commodity, it should be timely harvested. Harvesting is too early, curry is not fully grown and the yield is low; when harvesting is too late, the ball is loose, the sphere is uneven, and the buds are thick and loose, and even the yellow petals are exposed, which will reduce the quality and commercial value of broccoli. . After the main flower bulb is harvested, some varieties with strong lateral branching force can also receive part of the lateral curd after strengthening the fertilizer and water management.
