Cabbage fertilizer technology
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As a product of cabbage, cabbage is most sensitive to nitrogen requirements. When the nitrogen supply is sufficient, the chlorophyll increases and the amount of carbohydrates produced increases, which also promotes the growth of the leaf ball and increases the yield. If there is too much nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, the cabbage plants are long and thin, the ball is not tight and the water content is high, the quality is decreased, and the disease resistance is weakened. Phosphorus can promote the differentiation of leaf primordium, make the outer leaves occur faster, the differentiation of spherules increases, and it also promotes its transportation to the leaf. The supply of potash fertilizer is sufficient to enrich the Chinese cabbage leaf ball and increase the yield, and it also increases the nutrient content in cabbage and improves the quality.
The nitrogen-deficient cabbage had lighter leaf color and slower plant growth. Phosphorus depletion showed purple leafy veins and short plants. Potassium deficiency was yellowish on the outer leaf margins, and even the leaf margins were brittle and brittle. Dry heartburn occurs. The lack of boron during the prosperous growth period often results in the formation of corky tissue on the inner side of the petiole, turning from brown to dark brown, withered around the leaves, and with poor balling.
Chinese cabbage needs fertilizer laws:
Each production of 100 kilograms of cabbage absorbs about 150 grams of nitrogen, 70 grams of phosphorus, and 200 grams of potassium. In the case of 5000 kg per mu, about 7.5 kg of nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus, and 10 kg of potassium are absorbed. The approximate ratio of the three elements is 1:0.47:1.33. It can be seen that most of the absorbed potassium is followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of three elements in each growth period of Chinese cabbage is different, and is generally proportional to the increase in the dry weight of the plant. The germination period is only about 10% of the total absorption in the rosette period, while it takes about 90% in the ball stage. The proportion of three elements absorbed in each period is also different. The nitrogen uptake from the germination stage to the rosette is the most, potassium is the second, and phosphorus is the least. The most potassium absorbed during the ball stage, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus is still the least. This is because at the ball stage, cabbage needs more potassium to promote the production of photosynthetic products in the outer leaves, and at the same time, a large amount of potassium is needed to promote photosynthetic products from the outer leaves to the leaf balls to be transported and stored.
According to the growth of manure requirement and soil nutrient supply capacity, combined with the actual level of fertilization in cabbage, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the amount of fertilizer:
(1) The middle-and-upper land with a target yield of 8000 kilograms was selected for late-maturing varieties. The quality farmhouse manure in Mushi was 7,500 kg, nitrogen was 23 kg, phosphorus was 10.5 kg, and potassium was 15 kg.
(2) Medium-sized land with a target yield of 6,000 kilograms, selected early maturing cultivars, Mushi quality farmyard fertilizer 6500 kg, nitrogen 20 kg, phosphorus 9 kg, potassium 13 kg;
(3) In the lower places with a target output of 5,000 kg, generally early-maturing, medium-early-maturing varieties are selected, and the Mushi farmyard fertilizer is 5000 kg, nitrogen is 16 kg, phosphorus is 6 kg, and potassium is about 9 kg.
Fertilization techniques (1) Apply base fertilizer. Chinese cabbage grows for a long period of time and requires a lot of high-quality organic fertilizer with long-term fertilizer effect. Therefore, it is very important to use a large amount of manure as base fertilizer. The average mu of manure is not less than 5000 kg. Before planting land, 60% of the manure was sown in the ground and deeply ploughed into the soil. 40% of the manure was sown on the ground and plunged into the shallow soil before ramming. Superphosphate or compound fertilizer should be applied concurrently when applied to afforestation, with a dosage of 50 kg to 75 kg per mu.
(2) planting seedlings to raise seedlings. In order to ensure sufficient nutrient for the seedling period, it is necessary to chase the quick-acting fertilizer to “raise seedlingsâ€. Use 4 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu or 5 kg to 8 kg of ammonium sulfate. Apply to the sowing hole before the live broadcast. Mix well with the soil in the ditch and then water the seed.
(3) Fat tree fat. The rosette leaves that grow in the rosette stage are the organs that will produce photosynthetic products in large quantities in the future. Fertilization and watering are the key to ensure the strong growth of rosette leaves. But at the same time, we must also pay attention to prevent the rosette leaves from becoming long and lead to delaying the growth. "Farming tree fat" should be applied when a few plants in the field begin to plant trees. Usually, 800 to 1,500 kilograms of manure is applied to mu, 50 to 100 kilograms of plant ash, or 10 to 15 kilograms of ammonium nitrate, respectively. 7 kg to 10 kg. Live cabbage Fertilizer Fertilizer should be applied in the small ditch with 8 cm to 10 cm on the edge of the plant and the soil should be covered with soil. The transplanted cabbage is then applied to the cavities, mixed with the soil and then planted. If there is a phenomenon of leggy in the later period of the rosette, it is necessary to adopt the "seedling" measures.
(4) ball fertilizer. The nodule period is the time when the product is formed, and the assimilation is the most powerful. Therefore, a large amount of fertilizer and water is required. In the 5 to 6 days before filling, nodule fertilizer is applied, and a large amount of complete fertilizer with long-lasting fertilizer effect is used, in particular, potassium fertilizer should be added. General Mushi ammonium nitrate 20 kilograms, superphosphate and potassium sulfate each 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms, or dry manure 1600 kilograms to 2500 kilograms, plant ash 50 kilograms to 100 kilograms for ball fertilizer. For lasting nutrients, it is advisable to mix chemical fertilizers with decomposed manure, and apply 8 cm to 10 cm deep trenches between rows. This topdressing has the effect of enriching the inner part of the leaf ball and promoting the "irrigation". Therefore, it is also called "heart filling". 