Probe into the Breeding Management Technology of Breeding Pigs
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At present, although the price of pigs has started to rebound, the rise is expected, but it will take some time before the next upsurge of pig raising can come. This stage of the pig industry, especially the breeding of pigs is in fierce competition and into a period of low profit. In this way, the application of fine feeding management technology is particularly important. Strive to achieve a low tide and lose money, and climax for more money.
Fine breeding and nursing of breeding pigs are the key and guarantee for raising the productivity of breeding pigs. Through careful feeding and nursing, the annual productivity of sows can be increased, the number of litters born alive and the resistance of sows can be increased, and the occurrence of reproductive disorders can be controlled. For porcine respiratory syndrome or multiple system failure syndrome caused by circovirus type II, blue ear disease, porcine parvovirus, swine pseudorabies, and swine fever, sows have stillbirths, miscarriages, mummified fetuses, and weak ones. Effectively improve immunization before mating, regularly monitor antibodies, and increase the immunity of sows. Through careful observation of the estrus identification and timely breeding of sows, the sow fertility rate and the number of litters can be increased. Through the fine breeding of boars, the breeding ability of boars can be improved. Maintaining a healthy body and a strong sexual desire will directly affect the number of litters and the survival rate. In particular, every aspect of the pig's artificial insemination is very important, and one of the links inadvertently causes the fertility of the whole herd to decrease.
Fine boar fine breeding and nursing boar fine feed diet composition, mainly concentrates, should contain 12.55 MJ/kg digestive energy, 13%~14% crude protein, 0.8%~1.2% calcium, total Phosphorus 0.6%, table salt 0.3% to 0.6%, and lysine 0.75%. Vitamins play an important role in the development of the testis and in the improvement of semen quality. In particular, vitamins A, D, and E are indispensable nutrients for boars. When vitamin A deficiency occurs in the diet, the bovine testis is prone to swelling or atrophy and cannot produce sperm. In the absence of vitamin D, E, semen quality will decrease. In conjunction with diets, it is necessary to provide reasonable energy supply, feeding 2.5kg/head to 3.0kg/head each day, keeping the body strong and strong and having a strong sexual desire throughout the year. Boar fat, sexual desire will weaken or even no sexual desire, resulting in decreased ability to match, this situation is mostly due to a single feed, energy feed too much, and protein, minerals and vitamins caused by insufficient feed. Boars are too thin and their semen quality is poor, resulting in a low conception rate for sows. This situation is mostly caused by reduced precision, malnutrition, or overgrowth.
The fine nursing of boars must be raised in a single circle. Each pig house has an area of ​​6m2 to 7.5m2 and is placed in a quiet, sunny, and remote place from the sow house, so as to avoid stimulation by the sow's sound and taste. Causes anxiety and affects the loss of appetite and other consequences. The second is to clean the pig house and brush the pig body frequently to keep the house and pig body clean. Third, we must adhere to reasonable exercise, improve the metabolism of boars, promote appetite, and enhance physical fitness. Fourth, we must insist on checking the quality of semen regularly so that we can adjust the frequency of nutrition, exercise and breeding at any time. Fifth, the rational use of breeding boars will help extend the useful life of the boar and give full play to its reproductive ability.
Refined rearing and nursing of sows Fine breeding of sows rearing sows with gilts through litter and lactation generally reduces body weight by 20% to 30%. Fine breeding of sows prior to breeding is to restore sensation and enhance Physical strength in order to achieve physical fitness. If the sow can maintain 80% moisture during weaning, as long as the diet composition is reasonable, it should contain digestive energy 11 MJ/kg~11.5 MJ/kg, crude protein 12%~13%, calcium 0.8%~1.2%, total phosphorus 0.6%, salt 0.3% ~ 0.6%, lysine 0.55%, and for the supply of minerals and vitamin feed, feed 2kg/head ~2.3kg/head each day, generally within 6 days ~ 10 days, can be normal Estrus breeding.
From the actual point of view, according to the breed of pigs and different production periods, the composition of the diet can be properly adjusted and the fine feeding can be flexibly controlled to meet the nutritional needs of the sows.
Pregnancy sow fine-grained in the 115 days of pregnancy, generally low pre-pregnancy level, daily feed mixture 1.8kg / head, later than the previous period to increase the amount of feed, increase the level of late pregnancy, daily feed 2.8kg/ Head ~3.0kg/head. In addition to guaranteeing the growth and development of the fetus, the first-mother sow also needs to grow, so it is necessary to increase the amount of feed compared to the adult sow. Based on this, winter can increase feed by 10% to 15%, and in summer, it can drop by 10%. This is to maintain the upper and middle body conditions. In order to increase the intake of summer sows, vitamin E, vitamin C, and sodium carbonate can be added to the feed, adding 1 kg to 2 kg per ton of feed. The general principle is to keep the sow's sensation but not fat or too thin, which is conducive to keeping litter size as the standard.
Pregnancy sows fine breeding pregnant sows 110 days into the day of birth, to feed lactating sows, and appropriate increase in dietary wheat bran ratio, conducive to laxative, daily feed 1.5kg/head ~2.0kg/head. During this period, feeding too much can lead to an increase in the stillbirth rate. When the feeding is too little, it can lead to a large number of piglets, resulting in increased mortality of piglets within a few days after birth, usually 2 days to 3 days before littering, especially It is the sows on the day of farrowing that need to reduce the amount of feed so that the occurrence of mastitis and excrement can contaminate the birthbed.
Fine-feeding sows of lactating sows feed the lactating sow feed from the farrowing day, do not feed within 10 hours of the day of litter, only sufficient water, and warm water in winter. Feed the colostrum as early as possible within 2 hours after birth and keep the breast clean and hygienic. On the second to fifth days after sow, the daily feeding amount is 1.5kg/head to 2.5kg/head. After 6 days, the feeding amount is gradually increased from the 10th day on the basis of the number of litters per litter of the nursery during the lactation period. The peak of lactation (25 days to 30 days after delivery) was stopped. During this period, piglets can be trained to feed as early as possible to promote rapid growth and development. At the same time, due to the consumption of large amounts of lactating sows, body weight loss during the first month after delivery is the highest. In order to meet the sow's feed intake, it should be fed 3 times to 4 times a day. For sows with insufficient lactation or lack of milk, artificial prolactin should be performed. On the basis of improving fine feeding, feeds rich in protein and easy to digest, high quality green feed, and fermented feeds should be properly fed.
Precise care for sows for sow care One of the finest care for pregnant sows is to control the amount of feed during the first week of breeding to prevent embryo implantation failure and death and affect litter size. Secondly, during the entire course of pregnancy, the environment should be kept relatively quiet, early embryonic deaths should be reduced, and the sows should be given more care. Thirdly, the sow’s constitution should be enhanced by appropriate and reasonable exercise, and exercise should be stopped before labor. Fourth, it is necessary to prevent mechanical abortions and prevent crowded and bite frames from falling and suddenly disturbing.
Careful sow care should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before sows are placed in the pens. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the sow bed, piglet incubator or floor (activity), sow holder, and drinking water pipe. Secondly, one week before the sow comes into production, the surface of the washing column should be cleaned and disinfected, and then transferred to the delivery room for production. Thirdly, prepare the confinement equipment and prepare for the rescue of dead-dehydrated piglets and difficult-to-produce sows. Four to the sows after the completion of childbirth, intramuscular injection of oxytocin 20 units to 40 units, can promote the discharge of the fetal clothing and uterine contents, accelerate the recovery of the uterus, and promote lactation.
The fine nursing of lactating sows is to keep the pig house in a quiet environment, clean and dry, comfortable and warm, heatstroke in summer and cold in winter, so that sows can be fully rested. Second, we must keep enough light in the pigsty. As far as possible, sows and piglets should be exposed to the sun and breathe fresh air in order to enhance their physical fitness. Third, to fix the nipple, often check the breast, if there is damage and timely treatment. Fourth, training sows to develop the habit of alternating lying on both sides, easy to uniform breast development and piglets sucking milk. Fifth, piglets should be weaned in the early stage (21 days to 28 days) and the piglets can be reared in the original circle after weaning.
The establishment of a sound prevention and control system for breeder swine disease prevention and control systems is a guarantee for raising pigs and raising pig products. The principle of prevention must be adopted to ensure the healthy and safe development of breeding pigs. First, we must formulate a complete immunization program, carry out immunization and disinfection in a planned and systematic manner, implement standardized operations, and control the occurrence of swine diseases. Second, we must use the vaccine produced by regular manufacturers, whether it is imported vaccines or domestic vaccines, all must have approval. Third, according to the instructions to preserve and transport the vaccine, and some vaccines are stored at 4 °C ~ 8 °C, but some pig farms do not pay attention to the use of ice (below 0 °C) preservation, resulting in vaccine failure. Fourth, we must ensure that one needle and one pig are injected into the vaccine, and that each pig should be given a sufficient dose. If there is a vaccine outflow during the injection, it should be recharged promptly. Fifth, there must be records of vaccine injections to ensure that each pig is immunized and records are perfect. Sixth, we must strengthen forecasting and quarantine inspection of breeding pigs.
