Purple cabbage non-pollution cultivation techniques
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First, the cultivation season and cornice arrangement Purple cabbage likes a mild climate, but it also has cold resistance and heat resistance. Seed germination temperature is 18-22 °C, can also germinate under high temperature conditions 25--30 °C. The optimum temperature for outer leaf growth is 20-25°C. The optimum temperature of the ball is 15-20°C. Wuji County can be cultivated in both spring and autumn. The spring cultivation is generally conducted in the greenhouse at the end of January and is planted in the open field at the end of March. In the autumn, cultivation is generally conducted at the beginning of June and seedlings are planted in the middle of July.
Second, cultivation and management
1. Choose a suitable variety. At present, most of the varieties are imported from abroad. The main cultivar in our county is Zigan No. 1. The varieties are medium-maturing varieties. The plant type is large, the growth potential is relatively large, the degree of development is 65-70 cm, and the outer leaves are 18-20. The leaves are purplish red and the back wax is more. Leaf ball is spherical, single ball weighs 2-3 kilograms, yield 3000-3500 kilograms, from planting to harvest about 80-90 days, strong storage and disease resistance, suitable for spring protection, open field and summer and autumn open field Cultivation.
2. Set up the earth. Purple cabbage has strong absorption capacity. To deepen the land, make a 1-1.2-meter-wide beam after leveling. Apply 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 25-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 30-40 kg of urea and 20-30 kg of potassium fertilizer. Purple cabbage is second only to nitrogen in calcium, and calcium deficiency can cause dry heartburn, so it is also necessary to supplement a part of calcium.
3. Sowing seedlings. Purple cabbage is generally cultivated by transplanting seedlings. When seedlings are planted, sowing is used. The amount of seed per mu is 50-100 g. The temperature of the cotyledonary period is controlled at 15-20°C, and the true leaf period is controlled at 18-22°C. The temperature should be gradually approached 5-7 days before the planting. Spring purple cabbage is planted in the open field at the end of March and early April. Water planting will help increase the temperature of the soil, which will help to ease the seedlings; autumn sowing cabbage can be planted and then watered before planting, so as to facilitate the conservation of earthworms. For the early-maturing varieties, the row spacing is 50 centimeters and 50 centimeters, 2500-2600 plants per mu, and the medium-maturing varieties are 50 centimeters and 60 centimeters, with 2200 plants per mu.
4. Seedling management. Before seeding, the seedbed should be thoroughly irrigated with bottom water. The seedlings should be divided and planted so as to prevent water damage. Otherwise, watering should be avoided.
5. Rosette period management. Pour 1-2 times of waking seedlings into the seedling stage, cultivating 2-4 times during this period. The first cultivator should be deep and comprehensive, so as to protect the roots and promote root growth; the middle cultivator should be shallow in the middle of the rosette, and the soil should be combined with soil to promote the growth of the outer short-minus stems, which is beneficial to the knots. Seedlings are about 20 days old. To start the balling at the end of the rosette, a lot of water should be poured.
6. The ball period management. During this period, the leaf ball grows quickly and requires a large amount of water. Generally, the water is watered on the ground until it is harvested.
7. Harvest. When the leaf ball reaches a fairly tight real time, it can be harvested. Cut off the root pedicle at the time of harvest, remove the outer leaves and damaged leaves so that the leaves are clean and free from dirt.
8. Pest control.
(1) Diseases. In order to prevent the occurrence of damping-off during the seedling stage, it is necessary to properly control the moisture and provide more ventilation. During the ball stage, it mainly prevents the occurrence of soft rot, especially in the summer and autumn, and it is necessary to prevent stagnant water and remove diseased plants in time. Spraying with 100-150 mg/kg of agricultural streptomycin has a certain control effect. In the ball stage, it is also prone to burning edge phenomenon, to maintain the soil moisture in order to facilitate the absorption of calcium. In addition, spray some calcium on the leaves also have a certain control effect.
(2) Insect pests. Mainly locusts and cabbage caterpillars. Locust control: timely removal of weeds, stubble, dead leaves. It can be sprayed with 50% evasive fog WP or imidacloprid 1000 times. Prevention and treatment of cabbage caterpillars: Avoid continuous cropping or intercropping with the same family of vegetables. Chemicals prevent available pyrethroid pesticides.