Harbin Medical University stem cell transplantation for the treatment of difficult diseases

Harbin Medical University has made significant progress in the treatment of difficult diseases using stem cell transplantation, as reported by China Medical News and Heilongjiang News. The university's research focuses on conditions such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, liver fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and bone damage. By transplanting stem cells intravenously, the damaged areas can be repaired through cell migration, differentiation, and immune regulation. A key study led by Professor Jin Lianhong from the Department of Histology and Embryology provided experimental evidence and new insights into the clinical application of stem cells. This groundbreaking work was honored with the first prize of the Heilongjiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Progress Award in 2006. These diseases—diabetes, bone damage, liver fibrosis, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, and Guillain-Barré syndrome—are among the most challenging in modern medicine. Despite extensive global research efforts, effective treatments remain limited. Under the support of the Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Research Fund Program, Professor Jin Lianhong and his team focused on these conditions, exploring the differentiation mechanisms of neural stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells through molecular biology, immunology, biochemistry, and pathology. They conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to better understand their potential therapeutic applications. Their research revealed several important findings. For instance, they discovered that NB-3 binds to the Notch receptor, promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes. They also confirmed that bone marrow stem cells can migrate to the site of cerebral ischemia and differentiate into neural cells. In animal models, these stem cells were shown to alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome through migration, differentiation, and immune modulation. Additionally, they found that stem cells can promote axonal regeneration and synaptic reconstruction after spinal cord injury. Jagged1 was identified as a factor that enhances the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes, while BMSCs were found to differentiate into bone and cartilage cells. Furthermore, BMSCs were shown to inhibit liver fibrosis by secreting TGF-β, which suppresses fibrotic cell growth. During the differentiation process, NB-3 acts as a key protein that promotes the transformation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes. Meanwhile, stem cells can modulate the immune system by releasing cytokines, reducing inflammation and the infiltration of immune cells. These findings highlight the advantages of stem cell therapy, including its non-invasive nature, lack of immune rejection, and simple procedure. It also offers a promising alternative to traditional immunosuppressive treatments, potentially reducing patient discomfort and improving outcomes. With ongoing research and clinical trials, stem cell transplantation continues to show great promise in treating a wide range of complex and previously untreatable diseases.

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