Peony rapid propagation technology
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Peony, a traditional Chinese flower, has been cherished for centuries. Its popularity is not only due to its beauty but also its cultural significance. However, one of the challenges in peony cultivation is its slow propagation rate, which limits market supply and increases production costs. To address this issue, various propagation methods such as ramets, grafting, cuttings, and layering are used. Among these, grafting remains one of the most effective techniques. But traditionally, it hasn't been efficient enough for large-scale rapid propagation.
At Lushan Huamu Seedling Farm in Luoyang, Henan Province, years of practical experience have led to the development of a standardized grafting technique that significantly accelerates peony propagation. This method has helped produce high-quality varieties more efficiently. Below are the key components of this improved technique.
First, variety selection plays a crucial role. With over 600 peony varieties available in China, the farm carefully screens them based on market demand and biological traits. Four main categories have been identified: flowering varieties, potted plants, cut flowers, and garden display varieties. For example, "Luoyang Red" and "Huhong" are chosen for their high flower yield and strong root systems, while "Tao Renmei" and "Coral Terrace" are ideal for potted plants. Each category is selected to meet specific aesthetic and commercial needs, ensuring the best quality for different uses.
Next, establishing a scion nursery is essential for consistent grafting material. The farm selects well-drained, fertile soil and plants the selected varieties in the fall. After cutting the above-ground branches, the roots are encouraged to produce new shoots (scions) the following year. Proper fertilization and irrigation ensure healthy growth, allowing for annual scion collection.
Timing is critical in grafting. In the Yellow River Basin, the optimal period is between early September and early October. Missing this window can reduce survival rates. Even in rainy weather, grafting must continue, often indoors with proper ventilation. The planting trenches are prepared with specific dimensions to ensure good root development.
Mass production requires an efficient labor system. The farm trains local workers and organizes them into grafting teams. Each team is responsible for a batch of grafts, and payment is tied to survival rates. This system ensures accountability and efficiency, enabling the farm to complete up to 150,000 grafts in just 10 days with a survival rate over 80%.
Maintaining detailed records is also vital. Technical experts oversee the process, ensuring accurate identification and documentation of each variety. A species distribution map is created after grafting, making it easy to track progress and manage future sales or transplantations.
Finally, flat pruning is an important step in developing strong, mature seedlings. After the first year, the grafted seedlings are pruned to stimulate lateral growth. This process helps create multiple short branches, which can be used for further grafting. With proper care and pruning, two-year-old seedlings can be transplanted and grown into large, mature plants within a few years.
Through these innovations, Lushan Huamu Seedling Farm has successfully demonstrated a cost-effective and rapid propagation method. After four years of cultivation, large seedlings with 7-9 flower buds can be produced, meeting market demands efficiently. This technique offers a promising solution for expanding peony production while maintaining quality.