Peony rapid propagation technology
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Peony, a traditional flower deeply rooted in Chinese culture, has always been cherished for its beauty and symbolism. To meet growing market demands, it's essential to address the challenge of rapid propagation and reduce production costs. While traditional methods such as ramets, cuttings, layering, and grafting are commonly used, grafting remains one of the most effective techniques. However, conventional grafting alone isn't sufficient for large-scale, fast propagation. Through years of innovation, Lushan Huamu Seedling Farm in Luoyang, Henan Province, has developed a standardized method that significantly accelerates peony propagation while maintaining quality.
The process begins with careful variety selection. With over 600 peony varieties in China, the farm has identified four main categories based on their suitability for different uses: ornamental flowers, potted plants, cut flowers, and garden displays. Each category is selected for specific traits—such as vibrant colors, high flower yield, compact growth, or strong adaptability—to ensure optimal performance in the market.
Next, a dedicated scion nursery is established. High-quality rootstock is chosen, and after planting, all above-ground branches are removed to encourage the growth of new shoots from the base. These shoots serve as scions for grafting. Proper care, including regular watering and fertilization, ensures that the scions are healthy and abundant, allowing for annual harvests.
Timing is crucial in grafting. The best period for grafting in the Yellow River Basin is between early September and early October. If this window is missed, survival rates drop significantly. Even in rainy weather, grafting must be done promptly, often indoors with proper ventilation to support healing.
For mass production, labor organization plays a key role. The farm employs local rural workers who undergo technical training and are grouped into teams. Each team is responsible for a batch of grafts, with payment tied to survival rates. This system ensures efficiency and accountability, enabling the farm to complete up to 150,000 grafts within 10 days, with an average survival rate exceeding 80%.
Detailed records are kept for each variety, and a species distribution map is created for easy tracking. This helps in monitoring survival rates, transplanting, and sales. Additionally, flat pruning is performed to stimulate multiple short shoots, which not only helps in growing larger seedlings but also provides additional scions for further propagation.
Through these innovations, Lushan Huamu Seedling Farm has demonstrated that, after four years of cultivation, grafted peonies can develop into mature plants with 7-9 flower buds. This method offers a low-cost, high-volume, and fast approach to peony propagation, making it a promising technique for the industry.