Fruit and vegetable pest control pesticide reduction control

This technology primarily relies on a combination of agricultural practices, physical trapping methods, the use of natural predators, biological pesticides, and high-efficiency, low-toxicity chemical pesticides to effectively manage pests and diseases in fruit and vegetable fields. By integrating these strategies, farmers can reduce chemical dependency while maintaining crop health and productivity. 1. **Agricultural Practices** In orchards, winter pruning is essential for removing infested branches, diseased fruits, and dried stamens. Old bark, tumors, and debris should be thoroughly scraped off. Ground litter, weeds, and diseased materials must also be cleared. Covering the soil with wheatgrass or crop stalks helps suppress weed growth and improves soil structure. In vegetable fields, proper crop rotation is key. After harvesting, stubble, rotten leaves, and remnants of previous crops should be removed, and organic fertilizers should be added. Regular intertillage and irrigation help maintain healthy growing conditions. 2. **Protective Vegetable Straw Reactor Technology** A pit measuring 600-700 cm in length, 110-120 cm in width, and 100-120 cm in depth is dug 50-60 cm away from the wall near the entrance of a greenhouse. A 120 cm air space is left at the bottom. At the exit, a base for a CO₂ switch with an inner diameter of 45 cm is built. Corn stalks are placed in the tank, then water and microbial cultures are added. The mixture consists of bacteria, straw, and water in a ratio of 1:500–750:750–1500. The pit is sealed, and two hollow tubes are inserted into each end. Each greenhouse (50 meters by 8 meters) uses 1.5–2 tons of straw per application, with two cycles every 60 days and a refill every 15 days. CO₂ switches are installed, and the timing depends on the crop’s growth stage. The leaching solution can be used for irrigation and spraying—about 250–300 ml per plant, typically 2–3 times, and filtered liquid can be sprayed every 15–20 days. 3. **Physical Control Methods** - **Insect Light Traps**: These devices attract and kill adult insects like the golden-winged moth, beet armyworm, and underground pests. A single lamp can cover 40–60 acres, depending on the height of the crops, which should be between 1.2–3 meters. - **Sex Pheromone Traps**: These traps target male moths by using species-specific lures. One trap covers about 3–5 mu, and lures should be changed every 1–3 months. During peak pest activity, additional measures should be taken. - **Color Traps**: Yellow or blue sticky boards are used to catch whiteflies, aphids, and other pests. Approximately 30–40 boards per acre are recommended, and they should be replaced every 7–10 days. - **Solar Disinfection**: This method involves adding lime nitrogen, straw, and water to sterilize the soil and control soil-borne pests. 4. **Biological Control** Recommended biological agents include 0.5% azadirachtin EC diluted 800–1000 times, Austria Green 1 diluted 700–1000 times, 5% pyrethrin EC diluted 1000–1500 times, and 1.8% abamectin EC diluted 3000–5000 times. Other options include antibiotics like Wuyimycin and bacterial formulations such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) and others. 5. **Chemical Control** When necessary, high-efficiency, low-toxicity chemical pesticides can be used, such as 10% chlorpyrifos EC diluted 1500 times or 5% cypermethrin EC diluted 1000 times. These should be applied according to label instructions and local regulations. 6. **New Spray Equipment** Modern spraying equipment, including specialized nozzles and leak-proof systems, should be used to ensure efficient and safe pesticide application. 7. **Regional Application** This integrated pest management system is particularly suitable for regions like Shandong Province, where fruit trees and vegetable cultivation are common. It supports sustainable agriculture and reduces environmental impact.

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