Fruit and vegetable pest control pesticide reduction control

This technology primarily employs a combination of agricultural practices, physical trapping methods, natural predators, biological pesticides, and high-efficiency, low-toxicity chemical pesticides to effectively manage pests and diseases in fruit and vegetable fields. By integrating multiple strategies, farmers can reduce the reliance on harmful chemicals while maintaining crop health and yield. 1. **Agricultural Practices**: In orchards, winter pruning is essential for removing infested branches, diseased fruits, and dried stamens. Old bark, lesions, and tumors should be scraped off thoroughly. Ground litter, weeds, and diseased plant parts must also be cleared, and crops like wheat or straw can be used as mulch. In vegetable fields, proper crop rotation helps prevent pest buildup. After harvesting, stubble, rotting leaves, and remnants of previous crops should be removed, and organic fertilizers should be added. Regular intertillage and irrigation help maintain soil health and reduce disease risks. 2. **Protective Vegetable Straw Reactor Technology**: A pit measuring 600–700 cm long, 110–120 cm wide, and 100–120 cm deep is dug 50–60 cm away from the greenhouse wall. A 120 cm air gap is left at the bottom. At the entrance, a CO₂ switch base with an inner diameter of 45 cm is constructed. Corn stalks are placed into the pit, followed by water and microbial cultures. The mixture is layered four times, with a ratio of bacteria, straw, and water ranging from 1:500 to 750:750 to 1500. The pit is sealed, and hollow tubes are inserted at both ends. Each greenhouse (50 meters long by 8 meters wide) uses 1.5–2 tons of straw per session, with two applications every 60 days. Replenishment is done every 15 days. CO₂ switches are installed, and the timing depends on the crop’s growth stage. The leachate from the pit can be used for irrigation and spraying—250–300 ml per plant, typically 2–3 times. Filtered leachate can also be sprayed every 15–20 days. 3. **Physical Control Methods**: Insect-killing lamps are effective for trapping adult pests such as cutworms, beet armyworms, and underground pests. One lamp can cover 40–60 acres, depending on crop height, which should be between 1.2–3 meters. New sex pheromone traps are used to capture male moths. Different lures are selected based on the target pest, and each trap covers 3–5 mu. Lures should be replaced every 1–3 months. On peak moth days, additional preventive measures are taken. Sticky traps are used for whiteflies, aphids, and thrips. Colored boards (yellow, blue, etc.) are hung in the field, 30–40 per acre, and replaced every 7–10 days. Solar disinfection is another method, where lime nitrogen, straw, and water are mixed to sterilize the soil and control soil-borne pests. 4. **Biological Control**: Recommended products include 0.5% azadirachtin EC diluted 800–1000 times, Austria Green 1 diluted 700–1000 times, 5% pyrethrin EC diluted 1000–1500 times, and 1.8% abamectin EC diluted 3000–5000 times. Other options include Wuyimycin, bacterial preparations, and biopesticides like Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis). 5. **Chemical Control**: Use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity insecticides such as 10% chlorpyrifos EC diluted 1500 times or 5% cypermethrin EC diluted 1000 times. These should be applied according to label instructions and only when necessary. 6. **New Spraying Equipment**: Modern sprayers and other advanced equipment are recommended to ensure even application and minimize leaks, improving efficiency and reducing waste. 7. **Applicable Regions**: This method is particularly suitable for Shandong Province, where fruit trees and vegetables are widely cultivated. It can also be adapted to other regions with similar climatic and agricultural conditions. By combining these integrated pest management techniques, farmers can achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly crop protection.

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