Straw fertilization to prevent soil disorders
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Greenhouse vegetable cultivation requires more precise and careful management of fertilizers compared to open-field farming. Improper fertilizer use can lead to serious issues such as soil salinization, acidification, and imbalanced nutrient levels, which negatively affect plant health and yield. To address these challenges, the following best practices should be applied in greenhouse soil management:
1. **Use of Organic Fertilizers**: Incorporating organic materials, especially coarse manure with high fiber content, provides a balanced supply of nutrients for vegetable growth. It also enhances the soil's ability to buffer nutrient fluctuations, reduces salt buildup, and slows down the process of soil salinization.
2. **Deep Plowing After Harvest**: Once vegetables are harvested, deep plowing helps mix the topsoil—rich in salts—with the lower layers, while bringing the less saline lower soil to the surface. This practice effectively reduces salt damage to future crops.
3. **Soil Leaching**: Removing plastic mulch and flooding the soil surface with water helps flush out accumulated salts. This technique is particularly useful in preventing long-term salt accumulation in greenhouse soils.
4. **Precision Fertilization**: Implementing a scientific approach to fertilization based on soil test results, crop needs, and nutrient requirements ensures optimal nutrient balance. Proper application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients not only supports healthy plant growth but also minimizes soil degradation.
5. **Deep Basal Fertilizer with Limited Topdressing**: Applying basal fertilizer through deep plowing helps avoid increasing surface salt concentration. Meanwhile, topdressing should be limited and done carefully to prevent excessive nutrient buildup.
6. **Root-Targeted Fertilization**: Applying fertilizer directly to the root zone minimizes the risk of soil salinization and acidification while efficiently delivering essential nutrients to the plants.
By adopting these strategies, greenhouse farmers can maintain soil health, improve crop quality, and ensure sustainable production over time.