The Harmful Symptoms and Control Methods of Trichoderma Mushrooms

Trichoderma, commonly known as green mold, is a type of fungus belonging to the Fungi kingdom and the Subkingdom of Dikarya. It is widely found in nature and is highly pathogenic to various edible fungi. This mold not only affects the mycelium growth stage but also harms the fruiting bodies of mushrooms, making it one of the most common and destructive contaminants in mushroom cultivation. Trichoderma can appear at any stage, whether in seed production or during the actual growing process. It can infect raw materials, compost, fermented substrates, and even the mushrooms themselves. Some strains, such as those used for straw mushrooms, may appear after the bacterial growth has completed. Due to its wide temperature range tolerance, Trichoderma has caused severe contamination issues in recent years across species like Tremella, oyster mushrooms, shiitake, and Coprinus comatus, making it a major threat in the industry. One of the key biological characteristics of Trichoderma is its rapid maturation cycle. The mycelium can reach physiological maturity within just a week, after which it produces a visible green mold layer—its spore layer. When the substrate becomes infected, the early stages may be hard to detect, but once the mold layer appears, it often spreads quickly. Initially, it may appear as small spots or patches, but under favorable conditions or when the mushroom mycelium is weak, it can rapidly develop into a full film. If left unchecked, an entire bag or substrate bed can turn green in a short time. The spores are airborne and can easily spread to surrounding surfaces, creating long-term contamination risks for future crops. Trichoderma typically thrives in environments such as dead wood, leaf litter, soil, organic fertilizers, plant residues, and air. Old mushroom houses, contaminated plants, and previously infected mushroom cultures serve as primary sources of infection. Once present, the conidiospores can persist and re-infect new batches. The occurrence of Trichoderma is strongly influenced by environmental factors. Spores germinate best between 15–30°C, with optimal mycelial growth occurring at 25–30°C. High humidity (95% relative humidity) promotes rapid germination, while lower humidity (below 85%) inhibits it. Therefore, high temperatures, high humidity, poor ventilation, and acidic substrates create ideal conditions for Trichoderma to flourish. Once established, it competes with the host for nutrients and space, and it also secretes toxic substances that damage and kill the host’s mycelium. To prevent Trichoderma contamination, several effective strategies should be implemented: 1. Add a 1:1000 dilution of mildew net when preparing the growing medium and ensure thorough sterilization to eliminate spores completely. 2. Use scientifically balanced base ingredients to provide comprehensive nutrition, ensuring strong and healthy mycelium that can resist mold invasion. Studies have shown that adding certain beneficial fungi, like "sky mushroom ear," can help suppress Trichoderma. 3. Ensure even and complete fermentation of the substrate to reduce the chances of spore survival. 4. Maintain strict and standardized inoculation procedures to prevent mold spores from entering the material. Research shows that using an edible mushroom inoculation purifier for 5 minutes before inoculation achieves results similar to traditional formaldehyde fumigation, without the health risks or residue concerns. 5. Regularly spray 30–50 times diluted Venus disinfectant or a 1:1000 dilution of Bacillus decoction every five days in empty areas of the mushroom house. This is one of the most effective preventive measures. 6. If Trichoderma is detected, immediately spray or inject a 1:500 dilution of mildew solution on the affected area and the contaminated bags. Severely infected bags should be burned or buried promptly to prevent further spread. By implementing these practices, growers can significantly reduce the risk of Trichoderma infestation and protect their mushroom crops from serious losses.

Anti-Ulcerative

Ulcers is commonly known as gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, the formation of ulcers is closely related with gastric acid or pepsin digestion. Ulcer disease is a chronic disease, its seizures were cyclical, episodes and remission of alternating appear, and the onset of abdominal pain has a certain rule. The main cause of ulcers include: 1. Helicobacter pylori infection 2. Bad diet 3. Mental factors 4. Drug stimulation. Many patients with gastric ulcer who have taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug history, these drugs will stimulate our gastric mucosa, causing damage, then it will cause ulcer disease over time. The current anti-ulcer drug is mainly focused on reducing gastric acid and enhance the protective effect of gastric mucosa. In recent years,the research and development of anti-ulcer drug progress is faster, effective drugs have been listed, sales are also rising.

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