Autumn crops high yield experience
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Mr. Zhang Chaohu, from the Jinghe Sub-district in Tengzhou, Shandong Province, achieved an impressive yield of 1500 kg per mu this autumn. His success comes from a combination of careful planning, high-quality seed selection, and precise field management techniques.
First, he focused on using virus-free seed potatoes. This spring, he planted Dutch potato varieties imported from the northeastern part of the Netherlands, choosing them for their strong growth and resistance to diseases. He selected only healthy, vigorous small tubers without any signs of viral infection and used whole potatoes for planting instead of cutting them into pieces, which helps prevent mechanical damage and disease spread. To speed up germination, he treated the seed potatoes with gibberellin glycerol (GG solution) 12 days before sowing. The concentration was between 50-100 ppm, prepared by mixing 1000 ppm stock with water and glycerol in a 4:1 ratio. To further protect against pathogens, he added 600 times diluted zinc-based fungicide and soaked the seeds for 15 minutes. After drying, he stored them in a cool, shaded area, stacking about 30 kg per pile and covering them with moist soil and a grass mat. After 7–10 days, when the sprouts were 2–3 cm long, he opened the piles and allowed the seed potatoes to be exposed to light for 1–2 days to encourage greening before planting. Sprouts shorter than 2 cm could affect yield, so he made sure they were sufficiently developed.
Second, he sowed the potatoes in early August. Before planting, he tilled the soil using a rotary plow and applied a soil conditioner at 200 g per mu to loosen the soil to a depth of 30–50 cm, making it easier for tubers to expand and roots to grow deeper. He increased the planting density compared to spring, spacing plants 60 cm apart in rows and 20 cm within the row, resulting in about 5,000 plants per mu. He also used bare stems at 9,000–10,000 per mu. Before sowing, he applied 100 kg of organic fertilizer and 100 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. He then created shallow furrows (3–1 cm deep), placed the seeds, mixed with loam, covered them with 14 cm of soil, and formed raised ridges. These ridges helped with irrigation during dry periods and drainage during heavy rain. Immediately after planting, he watered thoroughly until the soil was fully saturated, keeping it cool and moist. In case of prolonged drought, regular watering also provided cooling benefits.
Third, field management was crucial. Since the autumn crop has a shorter growing period, Mr. Zhang took steps to promote rapid foliage growth. After the seedlings emerged, he applied two top dressings of compound fertilizer at 10 kg per mu each time, along with regular watering and cultivation to keep the soil loose and well-aerated. He also widened and thickened the ridges, shaping them into a concave cross-section to create a soft soil layer where tubers could grow more easily. By late September, he ensured sufficient water and nutrients to support stem and leaf development. He also sprayed natural oyster extract and "Da 481" to enhance plant growth. As temperatures dropped and evaporation decreased, he maintained moisture in the ridge soil while allowing the furrows to remain slightly dry.
Finally, he harvested the potatoes in mid-November, waiting for the first frost to kill the tops but not rushing the harvest. This timing allowed the tubers to fully mature, ensuring a high-quality and high-yield harvest.