Transplanting single-season late rice should not be too late

Rice seedling early planting is a fundamental technique in intensive rice cultivation. Since 2002, the province has been promoting small-scale experimental rice farming, and by 2006, the area under this enhanced cultivation method for single-season rice had reached 1.37 million mu. Over the years, practical experience has shown that plants grown using this method have stronger root systems, better above-ground growth, a higher number of tillers per plant, and more panicles, which helps maximize individual productivity and increase yield. On average, this method can produce about 50 kilograms more per mu than conventional techniques, while also reducing irrigation water usage by one-third and saving labor. The core technologies of this intensive rice cultivation include "early planting of small seedlings, single planting, wet irrigation, adding organic fertilizer, and weed control." Among these, "early planting of small seedlings" is the most critical component. One of the main benefits of transplanting young seedlings is their strong growth potential. These seedlings establish roots quickly after being transplanted and begin to grow rapidly. Early transplanting also promotes tillering and spike formation. By the time the field reaches the sufficient seedling stage, usually within 42 to 50 days after sowing, the plants have a long vegetative growth period, which supports the development of larger panicles. Transplanting young seedlings also reduces labor costs. The seedlings are easier to handle, with fewer root injuries, and they are planted shallowly, which helps them recover quickly and start growing faster. This method also allows for earlier establishment, which contributes to better overall plant health. Additionally, early transplanting aligns well with the local climate conditions. Seedlings are typically transplanted between early June and June 15, about 10 to 15 days earlier than traditional methods. During this period, the weather is mild, and rainfall is moderate, which is ideal for seedling establishment. This timing also makes efficient use of natural precipitation, reducing the need for irrigation and meeting the requirements of wet irrigation during the tillering phase. By July, when high temperatures often occur, especially in hilly areas, the young seedlings from the intensified cultivation method are already well-established with strong root systems, making them more resistant to drought. To implement this technique effectively, several key steps should be followed: 1. Transplant as soon as possible: Young seedlings, ideally 12 days old with two to three leaves, should be transplanted as early as possible. The younger the seedlings, the greater their growth advantage. The average age should not exceed 18 days, and the leaf stage should be kept within five leaves. If seedlings have more than three leaves, they should be transplanted promptly. 2. Single planting: Hybrid rice should be planted individually, with a density of 0.8 to 12,000 plants per mu, depending on the variety’s tillering ability and the leaf stage at transplanting. Varieties with weak tillering should be planted more densely. 3. Lifting technique: Use a soil shovel or manually pull seedlings to minimize damage. Avoid washing the roots, and keep the soil intact. Place seedlings in plastic trays and transplant them as soon as they are lifted. 4. Level the field: After plowing, fill the field with water and drain it the day before transplanting. Open drainage channels in the middle of the field to facilitate smooth drainage and ease of farming operations. It's recommended to create ditches every 3 meters for better water management. 5. Plant shallow: Small seedlings should be planted shallowly to avoid over-depth planting, which could delay their recovery and growth. 6. Wet irrigation: Before transplanting, ensure the field is filled with water to allow for easy planting. After transplanting, maintain a moist environment to promote root and tiller development. During dry periods or when temperatures exceed 30°C, add a thin layer of water to prevent seedling stress. 7. Weed and pest control: Early transplanting helps suppress weed growth. When seedlings are established, apply herbicides such as butyl or pretilachlor to control weeds. In cases of severe rice thrips infestation, timely pesticide application is necessary. By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve rice yields, reduce resource consumption, and enhance overall crop resilience.

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