Transplanting single-season late rice should not be too late

Rice seedling early planting is a core technique in enhanced cultivation, playing a crucial role in boosting rice production. Since 2002, the province has focused on small-scale experimental rice cultivation, and by 2006, the area under this improved method had reached 1.37 million mu. Over the years, practical farming experience has shown that plants grown under this system develop strong root systems, exhibit vigorous above-ground growth, produce more tillers per plant, and have a higher number of panicles. This method primarily relies on maximizing the productivity potential of individual plants to achieve higher yields—typically about 50 kilograms more than conventional methods. It also saves one-third of irrigation water and reduces labor input, making it an efficient and sustainable approach. The key technologies of enhanced rice cultivation include "early planting of small seedlings, single planting, wet irrigation, organic fertilizer application, and weed control." Among these, "early planting of small seedlings" stands out as the most critical component. One of the main benefits of transplanting young seedlings is their strong growth potential. These seedlings establish roots quickly after being transplanted and begin growing shoots sooner. They also promote better tillering and panicle formation, with fewer missing tillers and a higher percentage of tillers at lower nodes. A sufficient number of seedlings can typically be achieved within 42 to 50 days after sowing, allowing for a longer vegetative growth period that supports the development of larger panicles. Transplanting young seedlings also helps reduce labor and improves efficiency. By planting sparsely, farmers can increase seedling density, save paddy fields, and use the land more effectively. Additionally, the process of transplanting, planting, and transporting becomes faster, shortening the overall transplanting season. This method is well-suited to the local climate conditions. Young seedlings are usually transplanted between early June and mid-June, which is 10 to 15 days earlier than traditional large seedling transplantation. During this time, the weather is mild, and rainfall is moderate, which is ideal for seedling establishment. The natural precipitation helps reduce irrigation needs and meets the requirements of wet irrigation during the tillering phase. By July, when high temperatures occur, the transplanted seedlings are already well-established, with strong root systems that enhance drought resistance. In terms of transplanting techniques, the first step is to transplant as soon as possible. When seedlings are 12 days old and have two or three leaves, they are ready to be moved. The younger the leaf stage, the greater the growth advantage. The average age should not exceed 18 days, and the leaf stage should stay within five leaves. Seedlings sown around May 25, which have more than three leaves, should be transplanted promptly. Single planting is another important practice. Hybrid rice is planted individually, with 8,000 to 12,000 plants per mu, depending on the cultivar's tillering ability and the leaf stage at transplanting. For example, if the hybrid rice has weak tillering power, the planting density should be increased compared to japonica rice. If transplanted at the 3.5-leaf stage, the density can be reduced to 8,000 plants per mu, while at the 5-leaf stage, it should be increased to 12,000. Seedling lifting techniques involve using a soil shovel or manually pulling the seedlings. Care must be taken to avoid damaging the seedlings, and the roots should remain intact with soil. Seedlings should be placed in plastic trays and transplanted as soon as possible after harvesting. Field leveling is essential before transplanting. After plowing, the field should be filled with water and drained the day before planting. Ditches should be dug every 3 meters to ensure smooth drainage and ease of farming operations. Shallow planting is recommended for small seedlings to prevent overplanting, which can delay their growth. Wet irrigation is also important: before transplanting, the field should be filled with water to facilitate shallow planting. After planting, the field should remain moist to promote root and tiller development. During dry periods or when temperatures exceed 30°C, a thin layer of water should be added to protect the seedlings. Finally, weed and pest control is necessary. Early weed growth can hinder seedling development, so herbicides like pretilachlor and butachlor should be applied when the seedlings are established. In areas with severe rice thrips infestations, timely pesticide application is required.

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