Feed raw and cooked feeds cannot be absolute

In the past, traditional feeding methods involved heating and cooking feed before offering it to animals. However, with the advancement of scientific knowledge, farmers, ranchers, and livestock professionals have come to understand that feeding raw or improperly cooked feed is not always ideal. They now know that cooking or frying feed can significantly reduce its nutritional value, especially by destroying essential vitamins. Moreover, improper handling of green feed after cooking can even lead to poisoning in animals. As a result, some farmers have chosen to avoid feeding any cooked feed at all. While this approach may seem cautious, the author believes it's somewhat too extreme. Most feed undergoes significant changes when heated, particularly in terms of protein structure. Key amino acids such as lysine, arginine, histidine, leucine, and phenylalanine are often damaged during heat treatment, which lowers the overall biological value of the protein. Common feed ingredients like cereal grains (wheat, barley, bran, rice bran), oil cakes (soybean meal, peanut cake), animal by-products (bone meal, fish meal, blood meal), and by-products from brewing (lees, beer dregs) experience a decline in protein quality when exposed to high temperatures. However, not all feeds respond negatively to heat. For instance, soybeans and soybean meal, when properly heated, actually see an improvement in their protein quality. This is because raw soy contains trypsin inhibitors, which interfere with the digestion of proteins in the gut. These inhibitors reduce both the digestibility of soy protein and the overall protein utilization in the diet. By applying appropriate heat treatment, these inhibitors can be neutralized, thereby enhancing the biological value of the protein. For example, the biological value of raw soy protein is around 57%, but after proper heating, it increases to about 64%. Similarly, legumes like peas show improved digestibility and nitrogen retention when cooked, leading to a 20% increase in nitrogen use and a 25% improvement in weight gain in pigs. This demonstrates that certain feeds, including legumes and tubers, benefit from moderate heat treatment. The key is to apply the right amount of heat—too much can denature proteins and negate the benefits. Therefore, the decision to feed raw or cooked feed should be based on the specific type of feed and its molecular composition. Not all feeds require cooking, and some should never be fed raw. A balanced approach ensures that the nutritional potential of the feed is maximized, supporting better growth performance in livestock, improving feed efficiency, and ultimately reducing production costs while increasing profitability.

Cardiovascular & Urinary

Cardiovascular:

Relating to the circulatory system, which comprises the heart and blood vessels and carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them. Cardiovascular diseases are conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels and include arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, shock, endocarditis, diseases of the aorta and its branches, disorders of the peripheral vascular system, and congenital heart disease.Related Products:cardiovascular drugs.

Urinary:

For the treatment ofl some diseases of the urinary system.

Different specialists treat urinary system ailments. Nephrologists treat kidney diseases, while urologists treat problems with the urinary tract, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder and urethra, according to the American Urological Association (AUA). Urologists also treat the male reproductive organs, while gynecologists often treat urinary diseases or disorders in females, including yeast infections. Nephrologists and urologists often work with endocrinologists or oncologists, depending on the disease.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys. While UTIs are more common in women, they can occur in men. UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics, according to Dr. Oscar Aguirre, a urogynecologist in Denver.

Incontinence is another common disease of the urinary system. It can come in the form of a pelvic prolapse, which can result in leakage and can be the result of a vaginal

delivery. Then there is the overactive bladder, [which we see a lot and is not related to having children or trauma," Aguirre said. A third condition involves overflow, in which the bladder does not completely empty.

Some common treatments involve medications, physical therapy and pelvic mesh surgery, Aguirre noted. Vaginal laser surgery is also becoming a viable treatment option, he explained. [In another 10 to 15 years, vaginal laser surgery will be another common option for the treatment of urinary conditions."

Interstitial cystitis (IC), also called painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic bladder condition, primarily in women, that causes bladder pressure and pain and, sometimes, pelvic pain to varying degrees, according to the Mayo Clinic. It can cause bladder scarring, and can make the bladder less elastic. While the cause isn`t known, many people with the condition also have a defect in their epithelium, the protective lining of the bladder.

Prostatitis is a swelling of the prostate gland and, therefore, can only occur in men. Often caused by advanced age, symptoms include urinary urgency and frequency, pelvic pain and pain during urination, the Mayo Clinic noted.

Kidney stones are clumps of calcium oxalate that can be found anywhere in the urinary tract. Kidney stones form when chemicals in the urine become concentrated enough to form a solid mass, according to the Cleveland Clinic. They can cause pain in the back and sides, as well as blood in the urine. Many kidney stones can be treated with minimally invasive therapy, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which disintegrates the kidney stones with shock waves.

Kidney failure, also called renal failure and chronic kidney disease, can be a temporary (often acute) condition or can become a chronic condition resulting in the inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood. Other conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can cause chronic kidney disease, according to the Mayo Clinic. Acute cases may be caused by trauma or other damage, and may improve over time with treatment. However, renal disease may lead to chronic kidney failure, which may require dialysis treatments or even a kidney transplant.

Bladder cancer is diagnosed in about 75,000 Americans each year and is more frequent in men and the elderly according to the American Cancer Society. The symptoms, including back or pelvic pain, difficulty urinating and urgent/and or frequent urination, mimic other diseases or disorders of the urinary system.

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