Correct use of oxytocin when sow is difficult to produce
Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates the contraction of uterine smooth muscles, playing a key role in labor and childbirth. In sows, when oxytocin levels are low and contractions are weak, it can be used to induce labor. However, improper use of this hormone can lead to serious complications, including ineffective contractions, fetal distress, or even uterine rupture. Therefore, it's crucial to understand the proper indications and limitations before administering oxytocin.
In many cases, when sows experience delayed labor, some veterinarians or less experienced professionals may quickly reach for oxytocin. But this approach should not be taken lightly. Oxytocin must be used with caution and only under specific conditions. Misuse can result in severe consequences, such as fetal suffocation, stillbirths, or even life-threatening uterine rupture in the sow.
There are several reasons why piglets might be born slowly. These include a large fetus that doesn’t fit well through the birth canal, especially in first-time sows or those with anatomical issues like obesity or double-muscle traits. Another cause could be two piglets being stuck at the same time, leading to a cross-position. Incorrect fetal positioning, prolonged labor, and weak uterine contractions due to exhaustion are also common factors. Environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or poor ventilation from coal stoves, can further complicate the birthing process by reducing oxygen levels and increasing carbon dioxide and ammonia concentrations in the farrowing area.
Administering oxytocin without a proper diagnosis can do more harm than good. In mild cases, it may cause the placenta to separate prematurely or the umbilical cord to rupture before delivery, cutting off oxygen supply and leading to fetal death. In more severe situations, if the sow has a narrow pelvis, the fetus is too large, or the position is incorrect (such as a horizontal orientation), oxytocin can cause the uterus to rupture, which is often fatal for both the sow and the piglets.
Oxytocin should only be used under certain conditions. For example, after 1-2 piglets have been born, if the sow has a normal pelvic size, the fetuses are of moderate size, and their positions are correct, but contractions remain weak and the sow isn't progressing, oxytocin may be considered. If no piglets are delivered within 45 minutes, it’s time to stimulate contractions. During artificial assistance, if one piglet has already entered the birth canal and another is still in the uterine horn, oxytocin may help complete the delivery. Additionally, if the placenta hasn’t been expelled within 1-3 hours after birth, oxytocin can be administered, and if needed, repeated after 2 hours. Always ensure proper monitoring and follow veterinary guidelines to avoid complications.
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