Correct use of oxytocin when sow is difficult to produce

Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates the contraction of uterine smooth muscles, playing a crucial role in the process of labor and birth. In sows, when oxytocin levels are low or contractions are weak, it can be used to induce labor. However, improper use of oxytocin can lead to serious complications, including ineffective labor, fetal distress, or even uterine rupture. In many cases, when sows experience delayed labor, some veterinarians—especially those with less experience—may rush to administer oxytocin without proper evaluation. This approach is risky because oxytocin should only be used under specific conditions. Misuse can result in severe consequences, such as fetal suffocation, uterine rupture, or even the death of the sow. Therefore, it's essential to understand the indications and limitations of oxytocin before administration. There are several reasons why piglets may be born slowly. First, the presence of a large fetus in the birth canal can cause obstruction, especially in sows with narrow pelvises, such as first-time mothers, obese sows, or certain breeds like double-muscled pigs. Second, two piglets may become stuck in a cross position during delivery. Third, incorrect fetal positioning can hinder progress. Fourth, prolonged labor can weaken the sow and reduce the strength of uterine contractions. Lastly, environmental factors like high temperatures, poor ventilation from coal stoves, or excessive ammonia can also contribute to slow labor. Administering oxytocin without a thorough assessment can do more harm than good. In mild cases, it may cause premature separation of the placenta or umbilical cord rupture, leading to fetal hypoxia and death. In severe cases, especially if the sow has a narrow pelvis, a large fetus, or an abnormal position, oxytocin can cause uterine rupture, which is life-threatening for both the sow and the piglets. Oxytocin should only be used in the following situations: 1. After 1-2 piglets have been born, and it's determined that the sow has a normal pelvic size, the fetus is of average size, and the position is correct, but contractions are weak and labor is progressing slowly. If no further piglets are delivered within 45 minutes, oxytocin may be considered to enhance contractions. 2. During artificial assistance, if a piglet has entered the birth canal but the sow is still unable to deliver, and there’s an indication that another piglet is still in the uterine horn, oxytocin may be used to aid delivery. 3. If the placenta is not expelled within 1–3 hours after birth, it is considered retained. In such cases, oxytocin can be administered, and if necessary, a second dose can be given after 2 hours. Proper use of oxytocin requires careful evaluation, understanding of the sow’s condition, and awareness of potential risks. It should never be used as a quick fix without proper judgment.

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