Orchard farmhouse fertilizer should look soil
The ideal soil texture is loam, as it offers a balanced structure that supports good drainage and water retention. All types of manure can be applied to loam, but the choice of manure should still depend on the specific needs of the crops and the soil's condition. Clay soils are heavy and tend to compact easily, so it’s best to use manures high in organic matter but with lower nutrient content, such as cow or sheep manure. These help improve soil structure without overloading it with nutrients.
Sandy soils, on the other hand, suffer from rapid nutrient leaching, so they benefit from manures rich in organic matter but with moderate nutrient levels, like horse or pig manure. These help retain moisture and nutrients, making them more available to plants over time.
Chicken and duck manure has a high organic matter content—around 25%—and is considered a "hot" manure because it generates more heat during decomposition. It’s best suited for deep soils with low salt ion concentrations. However, it can attract underground pests if not fully decomposed, so it must be composted properly before application. Once matured, it can be used as both a base fertilizer and a top dressing.
Sheep manure contains about 20% organic matter and has a moderate nutrient level. It acts quickly and is suitable for all soil types and crops. After proper decomposition, it can also serve as a base or top dressing. Cow manure, in contrast, is slower to break down, produces less heat, and has a lower nutrient concentration. Its high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio means it can temporarily tie up nitrogen, so it’s important to supplement with quick-release nitrogen sources when applying it. Fully decomposed cow manure is most effective as a base fertilizer for long-term soil improvement.
Pig manure is highly nutritious, with the highest potassium content among farmyard manures, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Its fine texture and high microbial activity make it easy to decompose, leading to quick nutrient release and improved humus formation. Pig manure is a warm fertilizer, suitable for all soil types and crops. When fully decomposed, it can be used as a base or top dressing to enhance soil fertility and structure.
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