How to manage vegetables in summer hot season

Summer heat, drought, and pests have created significant challenges for vegetable production, while also posing hidden risks to the quality and safety of the crops. To overcome these difficulties and ensure stable and high yields, the following four measures can be implemented effectively. First, it's essential to choose vegetable varieties that are resistant to high temperatures and drought. When planning your planting, opt for leafy vegetables like spinach, Chinese cabbage, leeks, early celery, and oilseed rape, which have better heat tolerance. Some early radish varieties that are heat-resistant can also be sown. Additionally, it's a good idea to start seedlings for autumn crops such as cauliflower, cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants at the right time. Second, using shade nets is an effective way to protect crops from extreme heat. Shade nets help block sunlight, reduce temperatures, and prevent damage from rainstorms, creating a more favorable environment for growth during hot seasons. Applying them to fast-growing leafy vegetables like spinach and early celery can allow for earlier harvests and increased yield. For autumn crops such as cauliflower, cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, shade nets help strengthen plant growth. Common types include black, silver-gray, and reflective shade nets, which can also help repel certain pests. These nets can be used in greenhouses, small sheds, or even over floating rows. In addition, mulching with straw can also help cool the soil. Third, implementing micro-irrigation systems is a smart approach to combat drought. This advanced irrigation technique delivers water directly to the root zone, reducing water waste and increasing efficiency. During summer and autumn, micro-irrigation helps minimize the impact of drought on crop production, ensures more consistent yields, and improves the quality of vegetables. It also saves labor, reduces water usage, and enhances humidity while lowering temperatures. By regulating soil moisture, nutrients, air, and temperature, this method promotes healthier plant growth, especially for leafy vegetables, leading to better marketability and higher profits. Lastly, integrating agronomic, physical, and biological pest control methods can significantly improve pest management. Agronomic practices include deep plowing after harvesting, exposing the soil to high temperatures or using solarization techniques, and adding lime to the soil. Crop rotation—such as alternating between paddy fields, melons, onions, and garlic—can also help reduce soil-borne pests and diseases. On the physical and biological side, using insect traps, pheromone lures, insect-proof nets, and natural products like neem-based insecticides can effectively manage pests like diamondback moths and cutworms. These methods not only enhance pest control but also ensure safer and higher-quality vegetable production.

Lactobacillus Buchneri

Lactobacillus buchneri is a lactic acid bacterium that naturally inhabits very different ecological niches and plays an ambivalent role in many food and feed fermentation processes, where it can act as useful starter or as spoilage organism. Due to its vicinity to important biotechnological processes like silage making, ethanol production, baking, fermenting vegetables or brewing, L. buchneri was subject of extensive research and is now a quite well studied microorganism. Recently, next generation ‘OMICS’-methods were applied to investigate L. buchneri in more detail on a systems biology level. These studies give insights into genetic equipment of L. buchneri, its metabolism. interaction with microbial consortia, and gene regulation under different growth conditions.

The present review article is a compilation of the available results and is an attempt that aims to understand how L. buchneri, equipped with a relatively small set of genes, can adapt to so many highly distinct ecological niches, resist the associated, sometimes tough environmental conditions and prevail against other members of the microbial consortia present in the same niche.

Lactobacillus Buchneri

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