Export Yam pollution-free standardized cultivation techniques
Yam is rich in nutrients, can be used for both food and medicine, nourishing diet. In recent years, the demand for yams has continuously increased in both international and domestic markets, but traditional planting methods have low and unstable output. In order to increase the yield and quality of yam and enhance its commodity quality, in recent years, through cultivation experiments and demonstrations, a set of high-yield, high-quality comprehensive supporting cultivation techniques have been concluded. If yam yam yields 7500 kg per 667 square meters, the economic benefits are remarkable and product quality is high. In line with international and domestic market requirements. The yam cultivation techniques are briefly introduced as follows: First, soil fertigation The yam root system is well-developed, and it is advisable to choose a sandy loam with a good drainage and irrigation condition, a deep, loose and fertile soil layer. Before the winter, deep-turning, after the Spring Festival, the ditching machine is used to ditch the ditch, and the ditch is drilled at a height of 1m and the ditch is more than 1.8m deep so that the soil can be fully frozen and thawed and the hole can be cultivated. The ditch (16-18cm wide or 20-25, 1.6-2.0m deep but narrow ditch can be reused for many years and not easy to ditch) opened with yam dredgers is of good quality. Site preparation can be done before winter or 20 days before sowing. For example, when planting in a clay field, appropriate amount of fly ash, wheat bran, and fine-grained sand can be incorporated into loose soil to create a good yam growth environment. Yam needs a large amount of fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer. Spring can be combined with 667 square meters of soil quality per 667 square meters of high-quality fertilizer 5000kg, bean cake 100-150kg, while Shi Tianxin Yam Special Fertilizer (N, P and trace elements have been according to the growth laws of yam) 75-100kg or DAP 30kg, urea 12kg, Potassium sulfate 20kg. Or 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, decomposed organic fertilizer can also be applied in layers before digging high-yield ditch filling. Mix the soil fertilizer thoroughly. Second, seed selection, drying seeds, germination sowing a) Selection According to the market demand to choose a good variety, the current better varieties of yam have chicken skin yam yam, Japan's Yamato Nagase, Shankang No. 2, Shui Yam, Northwestern seeds and so on. The seed propagation materials include 3 kinds of yams, yams, and yam seeds (yam peas). The best choice is to use yams for the second year. It is best to use Yam bean for the purification of the rejuvenated varieties. Purification and rejuvenation are beneficial to restore and maintain the excellent characteristics of the varieties, increase production, and improve quality. The yam bean should be large in size, oval in shape, with sparse pores and shiny, and should be devoid of degraded long beans, especially those with blistered pores. Yam bean seeding is planted at a ratio of 1:6 or 1:8 for nursery and field. (b) 25 to 35 days before the sowing of the sun seeds, the seeds are sun-dried starting from around March 20 to promote the growth of buds and the transformation of internal substances. (3) Germination of yam tubers The optimum temperature for sprouting of tubers is 15°C. When sowing, the 5cm ground temperature is stable above 10°C (average air temperature is 12°C). General germination can be planted from early April to late May. Before and after planting the most suitable. The germination of yam seedlings can ensure that Miao Qi Miao and early emergence. About 10 days before planting, select a shelter from the wind and dig a hole or a brick-shallow pool. The depth of the pond is 30cm. The bottom of the pond is paved with two layers of fine sandy soil. The yams are planted diagonally on it, and the buds are upward and arranged neatly. Press clean and fine sand, cover the membrane and leave one or more vent holes. When the seed bud grows to about 1cm (about 10 days), it can be planted. If mulching is used for early planting, the yield can be increased by about 10%. When covering the mulch, care must be taken to reserve the space for the yam seedlings and break the membrane at the right time, and remove the membrane in time so as not to cause serious diseases (usually rarely used in actual production). Generally about 3,000 plants are planted per 667 square meters. Third, the temperature and light requirements and management The optimum temperature for the yam growth period is 25°C-28°C, and it does not bloom below 15°C. Strong sunlight is required for short days, and short days are beneficial to the formation and hypertrophy of underground tubers, and more than zero sons and daughters in the leaves and grasshoppers also appear under short-day conditions, shortening the duration of sunshine and early flowering. (1) Weeding and weeding should be timely to remove weeds so as to reduce competition for fertilizers. In order to maintain soil moisture and reduce ground temperature in the summer, we can cover grasses or sprinkle wheat stubble in the trenches in mid-May. (2) Twisting, pruning, and removing bud seedlings with a height of 20 cm must be promptly erected. It is advisable to increase the height by 0.7 m-1.7 (according to different species) to facilitate ventilation. Conventional cultivation of yams does not generally require pruning, as long as the emergence of new supernate stems at the beginning of emergence, leaving only one strong main stem per plant. Yam bean is an abnormal axillary bud of yam vine, also called aerial tuber. If too many yam beans are bound, it will compete with the rooted tubers in the ground and will affect the enlargement of tubers, so in addition to harvesting yam bean plants To remove excess yam beans. The general yam bean has only seen in early July and has stopped growing in late August. It is reserved for seeds with a yield of 100-150 kg per 667 square meters. If the growth of shoots on the ground after August is too prosperous, the rate of tuber enlargement will slow down (a period of rapid expansion of yam from July 20 to September 10), and several lateral branches of the base can be cut off or the top of the main stem and lateral branches can be removed. Simultaneously spraying Vitalin and fat root, ã€(The use of Vitalin is: when the yam budding period or underground Yam yam reaches 20cm long, it is used according to the growth of yam, 1.5-2 per acre, every 10 - Spray once in 15 days and spray 3-4 times in succession.If the rain is large or the plants are prosperous in the later period, it should be sprayed 1-2 times.(Practice proves that timely spraying of vitamins can effectively reduce the number of yam beans And the individual weight.) Fatty brother No.2 and fat root can also be used as appropriate. The relevant reports and experiments have proved that the multi-effects, chlormequat, and fertilizer expansin should not be applied, so as to avoid shortening the production of tubers.] Control is prosperous, The supply of nutrients to root tubers was regulated.The yams began to flower and bud in the middle and late June, but they were not robust enough to eradicate all buds in time to reduce nutrient consumption and concentrate the nutrients on the enlargement of tubers.
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