Muscovy duck breeding and management measures
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1 Make preparations before entering the chicks
1.1 Choosing a good site Muscovy duck should choose to stay away from villages, factories and other livestock and poultry farms. The traffic is convenient. It faces the south, the terrain is high dry, the power supply is stable and there is a certain surface or pool to prevent the spread of disease and bad Stress.
1.2 The duck brooding house built should be warm and airy. It is difficult for the brooding house with many cracks and poor heat insulation to raise the temperature to the temperature suitable for young ducklings in the winter and spring.
1.3 There are three kinds of feeding methods: flat-raising with thick litter, free-range on the ground, and flat raising on the Internet. Thick dunnage flat raising is a common method at present, and it is commonly used to dry and mold-free mechanical shavings, sawdust, coarse husks, and rapeseed husks. Rough hull and canola shells have good elasticity but poor hygroscopicity, but sawdust and shavings are the opposite. Therefore, two or more kinds of litters are often used in combination, or they can be used in different stages. Store a 5-8cm thick bedding in the duck house, and spread it evenly. It must not contain foreign materials that may damage the ducklings. The litter around the drinking fountain is easy to get wet and it should be replaced frequently.
1.4 Prepare tools Adequate preparations for drinkers, drums, lighting bulbs, coal stoves, heating stoves, litter, etc.
1.5 Cleaning, disinfection, broiler houses, equipment, etc., must be cleaned, cleaned, cleaned up, and disinfected. The duck houses that once raised muscovy ducks should be thoroughly cleaned and cleaned and then disinfected with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde.
1.6 Prepare ready-to-use feeds and medicines. Ready to use the young duck musk feeds and common drugs and disinfectants for disease prevention in the near future. Prepare vaccines.
1.7 Ducklings Temperature Before commissioning ducklings, warm up debugging of ducklings should be done. Preheating should be done a few hours before the ducklings, so that they reach the required temperature and remain stable.
2 Feeding and management of the brooding period (0 to 4 weeks old) Grasp the quality of the ducklings. Ducklings must come from ducklings hatched from healthy, non-infected areas that are free from infectious diseases.
2.1 The temperature control of brooding temperature is the key to the success or failure of brooding ducks. The duckling stage is weak because of poor body temperature regulation ability and adaptability. Therefore, the temperature of the brooding room should not only be appropriate, but also to maintain stability, avoid sudden changes, whether the temperature is suitable for the activities of the Muscovy Duck, generally ducks Evenly distributed, not piled is appropriate. If the ducklings hit the heap, it means that the temperature is low. If the duck is far away from the heat source and breathes open, and the drinking water increases, it means that the temperature is high.
The heating of the brooding room can be heated in a warm air oven, heated in a coal stove, or heat-retained in an infrared lamp. The temperature of the broiler must be exhausted to the outside using a smoke pipe. According to the growth requirements of Muscovy duck, the corresponding ambient temperature should be given at each stage: 34 to 35°C for 1 to 3 days, 32 to 34°C for 4 to 7 days, and 2 to 3°C per week from the 8th day of age. To about 18°C, the temperature of the winter brooding room differs greatly from the ambient temperature, and a gradual de-warming process is required to allow the Muscovy duck to adapt to the new ambient temperature after the group is transferred.
2.2 Humidity in the suitable humidity brooding room The first week relative humidity is 65%-70%, 2-3 weeks old 65%, 4-7 weeks old 55%-65%. Can be observed by observing whether there is luster matte duck feet, drinking water intake is normal, whether the room is dry and boring to determine whether the appropriate humidity and take timely measures. Generally, the humidity in the house can be increased by placing a water basin, spraying fresh water, or sterilizing with a duck, and the humidity can be reduced by adding or replacing padding, ventilation, or expanding the feeding area.
2.3 Ventilation ventilation Muscovy ducks grow fast and have strong metabolism. They have a large demand for oxygen and are extremely sensitive to harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and ammonia. In order to strengthen the ventilation and ventilation while ensuring the indoor temperature, it is necessary to avoid thieves and cold air blowing directly to the young ducklings.
2.4 Reasonable density The reasonable density has a great influence on Muscovy duck growth and evenness. General requirements for rearing density (only/square meter) are: 1 to 7 days old 40 to 50, 8 to 14 days old 30 to 40, 15 to 21 days old 20 to 30, 22 to 24 days old 10 to 20, 43 days Above 6 to 10 is appropriate. With the growth and development of Muscovy ducks, we must promptly expand the feeding area. If the density of ducklings is too large, the activity space will be reduced, and drinking water and eating materials will be difficult, resulting in slow growth and poor uniformity.
2.5 Controlling light illumination can increase the viability of young ducklings and stimulate food intake. Strong light is used in the first 3 days. Weak light is used afterwards to ensure that ducks can see feeding and drinking water. A 20-square-meter bulb can be used for 20 square meters. The time is 1 to 3 days old 24 hours, 4 to 7 days old 23 to 24 hours, after the 8th day of age reduced by 1h every day until natural light.
2.6 Feeding Methods Young muscovy ducks accessing the young house must first drink water, and then feed. The drinking water should be supplemented with minerals, multi-dimensional and antibiotics to prevent bacterial diseases. Use 3 days in a row and clean the water dispenser at least once a day. The drinking fountains always have clean drinking water, low temperature weather, and warm drinking water applications. The water quality requires sanitation. The use of tap water or deep well water is the best. Avoid sewage. 1 to 5 days of age with ducklings broken material, later changed to fine particles. Sprinkle the feed on the tray, you need to feed less and less meals, add less ground, feed to quantify, and do not waste as a standard.
3 The rearing and management of the Muscovy duck from the 5th week to the selling or breeding duck from the 5th to the 24th is the breeding period of the Muscovy duck. The breeding stage of the Muscovy duck is also a key stage. The breeding has a direct impact on the breeding duck. The egg production performance and fertilization rate of eggs.
3.1 Attentive observation, timely timing, and cutting off Muscovy duck feathers is a comprehensive problem that can easily occur in large-scale farms. It is associated with excessive density of ducks, high humidity, poor sanitation, inadequate feed supply, and unbalanced feed nutrition. Or feed crude protein content is too low, change the feed too fast and other undesirable factors. Generally 10 days of age, the whole group breaks once, once again after about 40 days of age, and through proper grouping, regular cutting can effectively reduce the plume phenomenon. Each group of ducks is suitable for 300-500. In the event of feathering, it is advisable to take comprehensive control measures to immediately cut off the entire group, isolate the feather duck, strengthen feeding management, adjust the feed ratio, and add 2% gypsum to the feed, add methionine 0.1%, drink 2 per day. % saline for 3 ~ 5h, continuous 3 ~ 5d.
3.2 Breeding of Muscovy ducks should be accompanied by 200 males and females in each pen. The barriers should be solid, and the height should be more than 1m. Select all the weak ducklings and put them into dedicated duck houses to feed them and put them back into the ducks. .
(1) Reserve Muscovy ducks should be fed in limited quantities. The purpose of limited feeding is to control body weight, make it suitable for the weight of laying eggs, increase the laying performance of breeding ducks, extend the effective utilization period of breeding ducks, save feed and increase the conversion rate of feed, so as to achieve the economic benefits of breeding ducks.
(2) Reserve ducks are weighed on an empty stomach on time. From the 5th week, at least 15% of the Muscovy Ducks are weighed per column per week, and the feed amount is determined according to the weight.
4 Muscovy duck rearing and management
4.1 Good egg quality depends on good quality feed and strict hygienic conditions. (1) The feed transitions from the rearing material to the laying duck material from the 25th week, and feeds 5g feed every day from the first egg until the peak of egg production. Free to eat.
(2) Nests should be set in the duck house, with a size of 40cm40cm40cm, an average of 4 nests for every 4 muscovy ducks, and the laying crate should be placed on a dark side with shredded straw or wood shavings. , And it is a dry and mildew-free high-quality bedding.
(3) Eggs should be picked at least 3 times a day, 2 times in the morning and 1 in the afternoon.
4.2 Musk moulting of the Muscovy duck is an effective measure to increase the egg production of the Muscovy duck. When the egg production rate of the Muscovy duck falls below 50% after the egg production peak, the forced moulting is required.
5 Feed Formulations Feeding ingredients should pay attention to the quality of raw materials and premixes. According to the different growth and development stages of Muscovy ducks for protein and energy requirements to formulate different stages of feed, in order to improve feed utilization and conversion rate.
6 Do a good job of disinfection, isolation, and drug prevention. Feeding Muscovy duck should conscientiously implement the principle of “prevention first, prevention from over control,†and be active in disinfecting, sequestering, and preventing (including drug prevention and vaccine prevention) and other diseases. Prevention work. 1 to 2 times a week to make duck disinfection work, the duck population to set up a disinfection pool, different ages, different batches of Muscovy duck can not be polyculture, so that dedicated duck housing, special tools, dedicated breeding, Sick ducks must be completely isolated to prevent cross-infection. It is necessary to formulate effective and effective vaccine immunization procedures according to different regions and strictly enforce them to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.