Wheat may be harmed by broad corn
Telephone readers in Xuzhou City: A 2.5-acre wheat crop in a local farmer showed widespread yellowing of wheat seedlings and sporadic deaths in the fields after the application of Kosoma. It is understood that the farmer applied broad grain corn to wheat fields around November 10, 20 ml per mu, and the wheat seedlings were in the 4-leaf stage when applied. At that time, the growth was good; the wheat variety was a variety called “F90â€. Strength is not clear. He asked how the rescued wheat should be rescued, and whether it can be saved with Shuofeng 481. First, phytotoxicity analysis 3.6% of the wide Shima water dispersible granules are products of Bayer CropScience AG, containing 3% of methylsulfuron-methyl and 0.6% of methyl iodosulfuron-methyl, which are registered for the control of weeds in wheat fields. The drug combines the use of methylsulfuron-methyl to control grassy weeds and methyl iodosulfuron to control broad-leaved weeds. It can effectively control almost all grassy weeds and most broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat fields. It is a good control effect for weeds that are poorly controlled by common herbicides, such as early-maturing medlar and hard-grass. With its excellent herbicidal properties, in recent years, Quan Shima has been sought after in various places in our province and other places, and its application area has expanded rapidly. However, the drug is not used properly in wheat fields and is prone to phytotoxicity. In fact, methylsulfuron, which is one of the active ingredients in Kosomar, is Sema that has previously been used in production. In the past few years, Shima used to have a large area of ​​phytotoxicity when it was used in fields such as Anhui. At present, Bayer has gradually removed Smamet from the market and replaced it with a wider range of grassland, and bundled sales with Sapporo to make every effort to increase its safety in wheat fields. Some Hard Wheat Varieties Are Sensitive to Cosmos Different winter wheat cultivars have different susceptibilities to Cosmos, and some hard (strong gluten or horny) wheat varieties such as Yangmai 158, Yanzhan 4110, Yumai 18, and Jimai 20 are sensitive to the drug, which may cause improper use of the drug. Phytotoxicity. According to the relevant technical data provided by Bayer, from 2002 to 2005, the company carried out extensive safety tests on hundreds of major wheat varieties in major wheat producing areas such as Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong. The results showed that: There is a significant difference in the sensitivity of the varieties to the Cosmos. Among them, the resistance of winter wheat varieties is greater than that of spring wheat varieties, and the resistance of most silty (soft or weak gluten) varieties is stronger than that of half-keratin (semi-rigid or semi-strong gluten) varieties, keratin (hard Strong gluten type varieties are the most sensitive. However, under normal environmental conditions, the normal use of the recommended dose (0.54-0.9 g of active ingredient per kilogram of Kostema) is safe and harmless to all types of winter wheat varieties. In the case of uneven use, frost, waterlogging and other environmental conditions, and overdoses (more than 1.8 grams of active ingredient per acre), it is prone to injury, especially in some sensitive wheat varieties. The above safety tests showed that horny wheat varieties such as Jimai 20, Lumai 21, Yumai 51, Zhengmai 9023, Xumai 24, and Yangmai 158 were used under conditions of environmental stress such as frost, waterlogging and salt damage. Cosmos may cause phytotoxicity, leading to a significant reduction in wheat production. The “F90†wheat mentioned in the above call may be a species called “Mexico F90â€. According to the relevant information, Mexican F90 kernels are hard keratin, with 38% wet gluten content and 17.33% protein content, which is a special wheat variety for high protein bread. This hard keratin wheat variety may suffer from phytotoxicity after the application of broad corn. Before the large-scale application of Cosmos in production, we should first understand the types of wheat varieties. If it is a strong gluten or horny wheat variety, we must pay special attention to its sensitivity to WSM. We must first conduct a small-scale safety test. To ensure safe and harmless after a large area of ​​medication. Poor drug conditions affect the safety of Womama In the winter wheat field, improper use of CWSM is prone to injury. It should be strictly according to the recommended application dose. The time and method should be uniformly applied. It should not be used in excess or over-range, nor should heavy spraying or leakage spraying. "Do not use it in wheat fields that suffer from freezing, squatting, salt, or diseases. Do not use wheat after jointing or strains up to 13 cm. Heavy rain and frost (lowest temperature below 3°C) can cause phytotoxicity within 4 days after application. When the pesticide is applied, no water can accumulate in the field, and no flooding can be conducted within 2 days before and after application to avoid phytotoxicity. In addition, Cosmos is suitable for use in winter wheat fields, especially rice-wheat winter wheat fields in the Yangtze River basin. It cannot be used for spring wheat, barley, barley, oats, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, sugarcane and other grass crops. This agent cannot be mixed with 2,4-D and long-lived herbicides. Second, anti-harm method The methylsulfuron and methyl iodosulfuron sodium salts contained in Kesema are all sulfonylurea herbicides. Methylsulfuron is absorbed mainly through the stems and leaves of plants, and transmitted through the phloem and xylem. A small amount is absorbed from the soil through the root system, inhibiting the activity of ALS (acetolactate synthase) in susceptible plants, and preventing valine, leucine and iso The biosynthesis of amino acids such as leucine, which in turn inhibits cell division, eventually leads to the death of sensitive plants. The degradation rate of the parent compound in wheat and sensitive weeds is different, which makes the difference in drug resistance between the two. Safeners have been added to the formulation of Ke Shima. Under normal temperature and humidity conditions, the safeners contained in the medicaments can promote the rapid degradation of the active ingredients in wheat without affecting their degradation in the target weeds. Grass, protect the purpose of wheat. At 2-4 hours after application, the target weeds reached the peak of methylsulfuron-methyl uptake, and they stopped growing after 2 days. After 4-7 days, the leaves began to yellow, followed by wilting and died after 2-4 weeks. There is a certain role of seedlings in the application of corn in the wheat field. After application, some wheat varieties may have temporary yellowing or dwarfing in the early growth stage. Under the normal use conditions, the yellowing phenomenon will naturally disappear after anti-greening. If field wheat shows slight yellowing after application, rescue measures may not be taken. If the wheat is heavier, or even die, it is necessary to take some treatment measures. Shuofeng 481 can cure sulfonylurea herbicides The mechanism of actions of sulfonylurea herbicides such as Komamax is to inhibit plant ALS activity, thereby affecting protein synthesis and plant growth. According to the study of Zhou Xiaomao et al. in the College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, alizarinactone can activate rice ALS activity, and to a certain extent, it can reduce the inhibitory effect of ethametsulfuron (a sulfonylurea herbicide) on ALS in rice seedlings. The detoxification effect of alizarinide is closely related to the degree of injury. The deeper the injury, the lower the recovery rate. When the phytotoxicity is very serious, the use of alizarin cannot be released. The active ingredient of Shuofeng 481 is alizarin lactone. The use of this medicine after the seedlings were harmed by sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron may be more targeted rescue measures. Considering that wheat seedlings that have suffered poor growth due to freezing, turbulence, salt, and diseases are more susceptible to phytotoxicity caused by CWM, current field management of affected wheat should be strengthened to restore normal growth. Production can be properly applied to some urea (urea 5 kg per mus), conditions can be sprayed solution Ling Ling and other humic acid containing liquid surface fertilizer, and increase the application of some organic fertilizer cover seedlings, insulation and antifreeze.
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In winter wheat fields, it is better to apply the herb as soon as possible. It is best to apply drugs before winter, but no later than March 1st of the following year. Before spraying, it is necessary to mix the surfactant with 0.2-0.7% of the liquid, for example, 60-100 ml of the companion treasure sold in combination with each mu. The amount of water per acre, manual sprayer 20-30 kg, 7-20 kg mister. Using a fine spray nozzle (fan-shaped or hollow cone spray) spray.