How to cultivate ganoderma lucidum in short section wood clinker
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First, biological characteristics
(I) Morphological characteristics Ganoderma lucidum is composed of mycelia and fruiting bodies. The fruiting body is corky, and the cap is fan-shaped. The cover is 3-20 cm wide. When young, yellow, red when mature, glossy shell, but the mature fruiting body cover often covered with spores, brown and no light, there are ring-shaped ring lines and radiation wrinkles. Stipes lateral, purple-brown. The spores are brown, oval, 8.5–11.56.5 microns. The spores are double-walled, with small stab-like channels in the middle and a large oil ball in the center.
(b) Living conditions
1. Nutrition: Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-producing bacteria that requires carbon nutrition, nitrogen nutrition, and mineral nutrition. Since the medium contains lignin, cellulose, carbohydrates such as starch and sucrose, and nitrogenous substances such as proteins, the molecular weight of these substances is large, and the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum should not be absorbed, but the growth of Ganoderma lucidum will continue to the substrate during its growth. The secretory enzymes that decompose the above substances decompose these substances into glucose and amino acids and are absorbed directly by the hyphae. Therefore, glucose and amino acids can also be directly added when cultivating ganoderma.
2. Temperature: Ganoderma lucidum is a high-temperature variety, Ganoderma lucidum mycelium growth temperature range of 20-35 °C, the most appropriate temperature is 25-28 °C. Long-term below 20°C, the surface mycelium and buds will become yellow and rigid, and even if the temperature is raised later, the fruit body will be difficult to grow well. If the temperature exceeds 37°C for a long time, the fruit body will die. The temperature is low, the growth is slow, and the growth stops completely below 6°C and above 35°C.
3. Humidity: The moisture content of the culture material is 55%-60%. The moisture required for the growth of the fruit body is mainly from the culture material. Under normal circumstances it is not necessary to spray water on the surface of the solid body, as long as the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 85% - 90% can normally grow. If the humidity is lower than 60% for 1-2 consecutive days, the fresh fruit body will lose water and the fruit body will grow slowly or become rigid. Therefore, the training room needs to spray water 3-4 times a day.
4. Illumination: Ganoderma lucidum is a kind of light-like fungus that grows on the side of light intensity. Insufficient light, small sub-body, thin cover, indoor lighting needs to be maintained at 500 lux or more, requiring uniform light scattering.
5. Air: The fruit body is particularly sensitive to carbon dioxide in the air. Poor ventilation, fruiting body is not easy to open or deformed. According to the test, if the carbon dioxide in the air exceeds 1%, the fruit body will be deformed (antler-shaped). Therefore, in the bud, according to the open situation should be timely ventilation.
6. pH: Ganoderma lucidum prefers to grow in a slightly acidic environment. The pH of the culture material can grow in the range of 3-7. The pH value is suitable for 4-5.
Second, cultivation and management Ganoderma lucidum bag material cultivation has a variety of methods, here focuses on bottle cultivation and plastic bag cultivation method.
(1) The cultivation season is generally appropriate for inoculation in the first and second months of April. In May, the bottle or bag is cultivated and the fungus is released in June and September.
(1) Bottles: Bottles are generally canned bottles or 750 g strain bottles are used as cultivation bottles. The cultivation materials include mainly sawdust, agricultural and sideline straws, Rice bran and wheat bran.
A, original species and cultivating culture formula:
1. 78% of wood chips, 20% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1% sucrose, and 1% plaster.
2. 75% of wood chips, 25% of rice bran and 0.2% of ammonium sulfate.
3. 44% cotton seed hull, 44% wood dust, 10% wheat bran or rice bran, 1% sucrose, and 1% plaster.
4. 80% of sawdust and 20% of rice bran.
B. Preparation of culture materials: According to local resources, choose a good culture material, according to the proportion of good, mix well, add water to hand-pinch culture material only see water marks between the fingers without drip.
c. Bottling, Sterilization and Inoculation: The well-mixed culture materials shall be promptly packed into the bottle, and the edges shall be properly compacted so that the culture material in the bottle is elastically uniform from top to bottom, and the material is loaded on the shoulder and then flattened, and in the middle Make a hole to inoculate. Immediately inside and outside the bottle mouth with clean water, plug tampon. High-pressure or atmospheric pressure intermittent sterilization. After sterilization, when the temperature drops below 30°C, the person is transferred to the inoculation box and aseptically inoculated, and then transferred to the cultivation room for culture.
(2) Plastic bags: Ganoderma plastic bags are a new method of artificial cultivation.
Convenient operation and management, low cost and good efficiency.
1. Plastic bag specifications: 15-1830-35 cm polypropylene plastic bag.
2. Bagging, Sterilization and Inoculation: After mixing the ingredients, checking the moisture content and pH, the bag can be bagged and the bag tightly fastened. Load 3-5 times the length of the bag. Attach a collar to the mouth of the plastic bag, punch a hole with a wooden stick, plug the tampon, and tie the bag with a kraft paper or newspaper. Then sterilize the bag. After sterilization, the temperature is reduced to below 30°C and transfer to the inoculation box. Aseptic vaccination.
3. Management: Ganoderma lucidum cultivation requires a certain temperature, humidity, light and air. Different growth stages require different conditions. In the hyphae stage, in order to make the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum in bottles and bags grow rapidly, the temperature should be controlled at about 27°C, the light is not needed during the growth phase of mycelia, the relative humidity of the air is controlled at about 70%, and the cultivation is 20-25 days. The mycelium can be full. The mycelium-filled bottle or bag is moved into a mushroom room culture. When the surface of the medium has a large white finger that appears on the surface of the medium, which is the original primordium of the fruit body and continues to grow, the tampon should be removed. The newspaper film on the bottle was removed. In order to facilitate the differentiation and formation of fruiting bodies, the temperature is controlled at about 25°C, and the relative humidity in the air should be kept at 85%-90%. Spray water 3 to 4 times a day. Ganoderma lucidum is very sensitive to carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is necessary to open the window every day for ventilation and fresh air, and to keep scattered light from the mushroom room.
4. Harvesting: The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is white at the beginning of growth and becomes pale yellow afterwards. After 50-60 days, it becomes brownish or brown and the growth stops. Because of the different species, the color of the fruiting body is also different. When the cap has already had a color-reducing frond cap no longer grows, the fruit body has matured and should be harvested immediately. Ganoderma lucidum can not be over harvested, otherwise it will reduce the efficacy, but also not conducive to the second growth. The harvesting method is: using a knife to cut from the middle of the shank without cracking the incision. Stop spraying for 1-2 days after harvesting. Manage according to the above methods and grow buds. After harvesting, it should be dried and dried in time. The temperature should not exceed 60°C during drying.
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