Guidelines for Scientific Fertilization for Main Crops in Autumn and Winter 2011

North China Plain Winter Wheat

1. Fertilizer problems and fertilization principles are more common for nitrogen fertilizer application in winter wheat in North China Plain. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are unbalanced in nutrient ratio, fertilizer utilization is low, one-off fertilization area is large, nitrogen fertilizer supply is insufficient at a later stage, sulfur, zinc, boron, etc. The phenomenon of element deficiency occurs from time to time, the soil is shallow and the ability to retain water and fertility is poor, and the following principles of fertilization are proposed:

(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced;

(2) The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in divided times, and the proportion of application in the middle and late fertility should be appropriately increased;

(3) According to soil fertility conditions, high-efficient application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

(4) Increase the organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic cooperation, increase the intensity of returning straw, and increase soil water and fertility;

(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as sulfur, zinc, and boron; (6) Combine fertilizer application with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.

2. Fertilizer amount and methods (1) Output level 600 kg/mu or more: Nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16 to 18 kg/mu, Phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 8 to 10 kg/mu, Potash fertilizer (K2O) 5 to 8 kg/mu.

(2) Production level 500-600 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14-16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-9 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4-6 kg/mu.

(3) The output level is 400-500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3-5 kg/mu.

(4) Output levels 300-400 kg/mu: Nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1-4 kg/mu.

(5) The output level is less than 300 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 to 10 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 to 5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0 to 3 kg/mu.

In sulphur-deficient areas, sulfur may be applied in an amount of about 2 kg/mu. If other sulphur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulphur may be reduced. In zinc-deficient or manganese-deficient areas, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be used in amounts of 1 to 2 kg/mu. Boron area can be applied according to the discretion of borax 0.5 ~ 1 kg / acre. Advocating the combination of “one spray and three defenses”, spray foliar spraying of trace elements in the grain filling stage of wheat or use foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate (150-200 g) plus 0.5-1 kg of urea to dilute 50 kg of water for foliar spraying.

When the yield per unit area is below 400 kg/mu, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer and top dressing can be half. When the yield per unit area exceeds 500 kg/mu, one-third of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as basal fertilizer, and two-thirds is used as top-dressing at the jointing, heading, and filling stages. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace element fertilizers were all used as base fertilizers.

If basal fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer may be reduced as appropriate.

Winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

1. Fertilization problems and fertilization principles The following fertilization principles are proposed for the problems of low organic fertilizer use in winter wheat in the Yangtze River Valley, high N fertilizer application, large proportion of early application, and frequent occurrence of zinc and other trace elements.

(1) Adding organic fertilizer, straw returning, and organic-inorganic combination;

(2) Appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and recovery ratio, and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage;

(3) Phosphorous-deficient soils should be appropriately increased with phosphate fertilizers or stabilized phosphorus fertilizers; soils with available phosphorus-rich soils should be appropriately reduced in the amount of phosphate fertilizers;

(4) The combination of fertilizer application and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.

2. Fertilizing amount and method (1) Output level 500 kg/mu or more: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14-16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg/mu.

(2) The output level is 400-500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4-6 kg/mu.

(3) Production level 300-400 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3-5 kg/mu.

(4) The output level is below 300 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8-11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0-5 kg/mu.

In sulfur-deficient areas, sulfur may be applied at a rate of about 2 kg/mu. If other sulphur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulphur may be reduced. In regions with zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be used at a rate of 1 to 2 kg/g. mu. Advocating the combination of “one spray and three defenses”, spraying foliar fertilizers for trace elements in the grain filling stage of wheat or spraying foliar with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150-200 g and 0.5-1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water.

50% of nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and 50% as top dressing; phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer were all used as base fertilizer. Weak gluten wheat should increase the proportion of base fertilizer.

Northwest Dryland Winter Wheat

1. The problems of fertilization and principles of fertilization are related to the problems of low organic matter content in the rain-fed rain-fed areas in Northwest China, low winter wheat growing season, difficulty in catching fertilizer in spring, and insufficient application of organic fertilizer. The following principles of fertilization are proposed:

(1) Based on the soil fertility and soil water storage conditions to determine basal; adhere to the "organic fertilization", "nitrogen, phosphorus, fill micro" fertilization policy;

(2) Increase organic fertilizers, promote organic-inorganic combination and appropriate straw return;

(3) Base fertilizer is the main nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing;

(4) Pay attention to the application of manganese and zinc and other trace elements and fertilizers; (5) The application of fertilizers should be combined with water-saving and high-yield cultivation techniques.

2. Fertilizing amount and method (1) Output level 400 kg/mu or more: 2 to 3 square/mu of farmland fertilizer, 11 to 13 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 6 to 8 kg/mu of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), potassium fertilizer (K2O ) 2 to 3 kg/mu.

(2) Output level 300 to 400 kg/mu: 2 to 3 square meters/mu for Shinong manure, 9 to 11 kg/mu for nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4 to 6 kg/mu for phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) 1~ 3 kg/mu.

(3) Output level 200-300 kg/mu: 2 to 3 square meters/mu of farmland fertilizer, 7 to 9 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 3 to 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and appropriate amount of potassium deficiency field Potassium (K2O) 1 to 2 kg/mu.

(4) The output level is 200 kg/mu or less: 2 to 3 square meters/mu of farmland fertilizer, 5 to 7 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 3 to 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5).

Disable high-chlorine fertilizers to prevent chlorine-containing fertilizers from poisoning wheat seedlings. In sulfur-deficient areas, sulfur may be applied at a rate of about 2 kg/mu. If other sulphur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulphur may be reduced. In regions with zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be used at a rate of 1 to 2 kg/g. mu. Advocating the combination of “one spray and three defenses”, spray foliar spraying of trace elements in the grain filling stage of wheat or use foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate (150-200 g) plus 0.5-1 kg of urea to dilute 50 kg of water for foliar spraying.

Organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers are used as base fertilizers at one time. Nitrogen fertilizers are used at 70% to 80% as base fertilizers, and 20% to 30% are applied topdressing.

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