Corn weed control technology
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The main weeds found in corn fields include both annual and perennial species. Common annual weeds are wild proso millet, goosegrass, green foxtail, teff, common cocklebur, alfalfa, horseweed, purslane, and common wormwood. Perennial weeds such as johnsongrass, spiny amaranth, prickly lettuce, bougainvillea, and sedges are more problematic due to their underground rhizomes, which allow them to regrow after being cut. These perennial weeds are particularly difficult to control because of their resilience. Other persistent weeds like waterhemp and pigweed also pose challenges, especially when they're broad-leaved and annual.
Corn weed control typically involves three methods: manual weeding, animal-powered weeding, and chemical herbicides. Manual and animal-based weeding is challenging during the hot and humid growing season, as it's labor-intensive and often ineffective. If weeds aren't properly removed, they quickly regrow. Chemical weeding, on the other hand, is more efficient, cost-effective, and provides long-lasting results. It can achieve over 90% effectiveness with a single application, effectively controlling weeds throughout the growing season. Additionally, it reduces the risk of damaging young corn plants compared to mechanical methods, where animals might trample or damage seedlings.
Common herbicides used in corn include atrazine, lanso, chlorimuron-ethyl, acetochlor, glyphosate, dicamba, and chlorotoluron. Atrazine is highly effective but must be used carefully, especially since corn is often rotated with wheat. Atrazine can harm wheat seedlings if not properly managed, so it’s usually mixed with other herbicides. The timing and method of herbicide application vary depending on the growth stage of the corn.
Before corn emergence, soil-applied herbicides are recommended. For example, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester at 150–200 g per acre, or 50% simazine WP or 50% atrazine powder at 400 g per acre for spring corn, and 150–200 g per acre for summer corn. After the corn reaches the jointing stage, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester at 50–70 g per acre or 80% 2,4-D sodium salt at 75–100 g per acre can be applied. Spraying methods vary—aircraft requires 3–4 kg of water per acre, while tractor-mounted sprayers use 10–20 kg, and handheld sprayers require 40–50 kg.
Herbicide effectiveness depends on soil moisture. Wet soils improve absorption, while dry conditions reduce efficacy. Therefore, avoid spraying immediately after sowing if the soil is too dry. Wait for corn to emerge, or apply after rain or irrigation. Always follow safety precautions, as most herbicides are toxic. Wear protective clothing, wash hands and face thoroughly after application, and change clothes to minimize exposure.