Corn weed control technology
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The primary weeds found in corn fields include annual species such as common pigweed, goosegrass, green foxtail, teff, cocklebur, alfalfa, lambsquarters, purslane, and yellow wormwood. Perennial weeds like johnsongrass, spiny amaranth, radicchio, bougainvillea, and sedges are also prevalent. Among these, perennial weeds with underground rhizomes are the most challenging to manage. These plants can regrow quickly after their rhizomes are disturbed or cut. Waterhemp, purslane, and other grassy weeds are also tough to eliminate due to their resilience, making early intervention essential for controlling broadleaf weeds effectively.
Corn weed control is typically done through three methods: manual weeding, animal-powered weeding, and chemical herbicides. However, during the hot and humid growing season, manual and animal-based weeding become difficult and inefficient. If weeds are not properly removed, they tend to regrow quickly. Chemical weed control, on the other hand, is more efficient, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It generally achieves over 90% effectiveness and provides long-lasting control throughout the growing season. Additionally, it reduces the risk of damaging young corn plants. Most herbicides are applied before or just after emergence, avoiding direct harm to seedlings.
Commonly used herbicides in corn include atrazine, lanso, chlorimuron-ethyl, acetochlor, paraquat, dicamba, and chlorotoluron. Atrazine is highly effective, but since corn is often rotated with wheat, which is sensitive to atrazine, it's usually mixed with other herbicides to avoid damage to subsequent crops. The application method varies depending on the growth stage of the corn. Before emergence, pre-emergence herbicides like 72% 2,4-D butyl ester (150–200 g/acre) or 50% simazine WP (400 g/acre for spring corn, 150–200 g/acre for summer corn) are commonly used. After the corn reaches the jointing stage, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester (50–70 g/acre) or 80% 2,4-D sodium salt (75–100 g/acre) may be applied. Spraying methods vary—aircraft requires 3–4 kg of water per acre, while ground sprayers need 10–20 kg or 40–50 kg, depending on equipment.
The effectiveness of herbicides depends heavily on soil moisture. Wet soils allow better absorption, while dry conditions reduce efficacy. Therefore, it's best to wait for rain or irrigation if the soil is too dry. Always wear protective gear when applying chemicals and wash thoroughly afterward to avoid exposure. Proper handling and timing are crucial for both safety and effectiveness in weed management.