Post-disaster management of cotton

The Weinan Plain is a region frequently affected by natural disasters, with most incidents occurring between June and July. During this period, cotton is in the early flowering stage, known as "Shenglei," and its regenerative capacity is strong. If proper management is implemented after a disaster, it is still possible to achieve a good harvest. In practice, we have developed a set of tailored post-disaster management techniques for cotton fields. These strategies focus on restoring plant health and minimizing economic losses. One of the first steps after a flood or hailstorm is to ensure timely drainage. Heavy rainfall often leads to waterlogging, which can damage cotton roots and hinder growth. It's crucial to clear ditches and drain excess water as quickly as possible to prevent further harm. Soil compaction is another common issue following a disaster. After flooding or heavy rain, the soil becomes hard and dense, reducing air circulation and lowering ground temperature. To address this, farmers should loosen the soil promptly. This helps improve root activity, increase soil temperature, and restore normal growth conditions for the cotton plants. In cases where more than 80% of the cotton stalks are destroyed, it may be best to remove the damaged plants and replant with alternative crops. This approach helps minimize financial loss and allows for better resource allocation. For fields where 50% to 80% of the stalks remain, it's advisable to prepare for intercropping while keeping some cotton plants temporarily. The decision to keep or replace depends on the recovery rate of the cotton. If less than 40% of the plants are dead, retaining the existing cotton is usually more beneficial. Otherwise, replanting with other crops may be necessary. When only leaves or some fruit branches are broken, it's important to remove axillary buds and leaf shoots early to promote the development of the main bud. For headless plants, two to three leaf shoots can be kept in place of the main stem, with three to four fruit shoots per shoot to maintain productivity. In fields where 2–3 remaining fruit vines account for over 50% of the plants, immediate action is required. Along with drainage and soil loosening, fallen plants should be supported to help them recover faster. Applying quick-acting fertilizers, such as 10 kg of urea per mu, can stimulate new growth and increase bud numbers, helping the cotton plants rebuild their structure. Pruning is also essential once the plants begin to recover. Excessive branching can delay maturity, so timely shaping based on plant density and fertility is necessary. When new shoots reach about 3 cm, select 2–4 strong ones to replace the main stem, leaving 2–3 leaf shoots per plant depending on density. Controlling the growth of post-disaster cotton should be done carefully. A light and frequent approach is recommended, using diluted amines at different stages: 1–2 g/mu for the first application, increasing gradually up to 3 g/mu for later applications. After a disaster, cotton fields are more vulnerable to pests like aphids, especially in high-humidity conditions. Farmers must monitor pest activity closely and take prompt action to control infestations and prevent further damage.

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