Post-disaster management of cotton

The Weinan Plain is a region frequently affected by natural disasters, with the majority of incidents occurring between June and July. During this period, cotton is in its early flowering stage, known as "Shenglei," and possesses strong regenerative capabilities. Even after a disaster, with proper management, a good harvest can still be achieved. In practice, we have developed a comprehensive set of post-disaster management techniques tailored to different levels of damage. These strategies include: First and foremost, timely drainage is crucial. Hailstorms often bring heavy rain, leading to waterlogging in fields. Excess moisture can harm cotton roots and hinder growth. After flooding, it is essential to drain the fields immediately to reduce humidity and prevent root damage. Next, soil cultivation plays a key role. After a flood, the soil tends to become compacted, lowering ground temperature and increasing moisture. This can slow down plant recovery. Therefore, it's important to loosen the soil promptly, break up compaction, raise the ground temperature, and stimulate root activity to help cotton plants resume normal growth as quickly as possible. For severely damaged fields where over 80% of the cotton stalks are destroyed, it may be best to remove the plants and replant alternative crops to minimize economic loss. However, for fields where 50% to 80% of the stalks remain, it’s advisable to prepare for intercropping while temporarily retaining the cotton plants. The decision to keep or replace depends on the survival rate of the plants. If less than 40% are dead, keeping the cotton is more beneficial; otherwise, replanting may be necessary. When only leaves or some fruit branches are broken, it's important to remove axillary buds and leaf shoots to ensure the top buds develop properly. For headless plants, two to three leaf shoots can be retained in place of the main stem, with three to four fruit branches left on each shoot. In fields where two to three remaining fruit vines account for over 50% of the plants, immediate action is required. Along with drainage and soil loosening, fallen plants should be supported to improve yield potential. Applying quick-acting fertilizers, such as 10 kg of urea per mu, helps promote new branch and leaf growth, increasing bud numbers. This supports the plant’s recovery and vegetative development. Timely pruning is also essential. Once the cotton recovers and grows new branches, shaping should be done according to plant density and fertility. For broken plants, when new shoots reach 3 cm, select 2–4 strong shoots to replace the main stem. Dense plants can retain 2 leaf shoots, while sparse ones may keep 3. Always remove unwanted buds and perform topping to concentrate nutrients on the fruiting parts. Post-disaster control should be light and consistent. Based on soil conditions, plant growth, and weather, apply diluted amines in stages: 1–2 g/mu initially, then 2–3 g/mu in subsequent applications. Finally, post-disaster cotton fields are more vulnerable to pests like aphids, especially in high humidity. Regular monitoring is crucial to detect and control infestations early, preventing further damage. By following these practices, farmers can effectively manage cotton after disasters and maximize their yields.

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