The phenomenon of citrus cracking in Xiushan, Chongqing and its control measures

Citrus fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that leads to fruit drop during the growing season, significantly affecting crop yield. This year, due to prolonged drought in our county, the dry conditions have become more severe than usual, resulting in a much higher incidence of fruit cracking. The problem is particularly pronounced in varieties such as navel oranges, sweet oranges, Wenzhou oranges, and grapefruits, causing considerable damage to the overall citrus production. To help farmers maintain their income and reduce the impact of fruit cracking, it is essential to implement comprehensive agricultural practices, including selecting high-quality varieties, proper fertilization, growth regulator application, pruning, and other effective measures. First, choosing the right variety plays a crucial role. Opting for early or late-maturing citrus varieties can help avoid the peak of high temperatures and drought periods, thus reducing the risk of fruit cracking and premature fruit drop. Second, improving cultivation and management is key. Deep plowing in orchards, regular soil cultivation during winter and summer, timely irrigation, and balanced fertilization all contribute to better soil fertility and tree health, which are vital for preventing fruit cracking. Third, before tilling the topsoil, covering the ground with weeds and green manure can help lower soil temperature, retain moisture, prevent soil from drying out, and suppress weed growth. It also enriches the soil with nutrients, helps conserve water, and improves overall soil structure. Fourth, rational fertilization is important. For orchards that experienced heavy fruiting and significant cracking in previous years, it's advisable to apply less phosphorus and more nitrogen and potassium during the fruit development stage. This helps strengthen the tree, improve fruit tissue quality, and increase the thickness and resilience of the fruit peel. Additionally, spraying a 1%-2% solution of turfgrass extract on leaves every 10-15 days can further enhance peel strength, reduce cracking, and minimize fruit drop. Fifth, applying growth regulators like "1992" or paclobutrazol can effectively control fruit cracking and drop caused by extreme heat and drought stress. Lastly, pruning techniques such as bud wiping, tip twisting, and branch trimming are essential. Removing excessive new shoots, cutting back dense or leggy branches, and eliminating diseased limbs can reduce the tree’s water and nutrient consumption, ultimately lowering the number of cracked and dropped fruits. By implementing these integrated strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of citrus fruit cracking, protect their yields, and ensure better long-term profitability.

Anti-aging And Anti-wrinkle Raw Materials

What are all the anti-aging cosmetic ingredients nowadays?

Cosmetic anti-aging and anti-wrinkle ingredients can be broadly categorized as follows:

1. Antioxidants: Antioxidants can resist free radical damage to the skin, thus preventing skin aging. Common antioxidants include Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10, green tea extract, and so on.
2. Proteins: Proteins can provide the nutrients needed by the skin and help skin cell renewal. Common protein ingredients are collagen and elastin.
3. Amino Acids: Amino acids are essential nutrients for skin cell growth and can help maintain healthy skin. Common amino acids are lysine, glycine, serine, etc.
4. Plant extracts: Plant extracts are rich in antioxidants and vitamins, which can help the skin resist free radical damage. Common plant extracts include green tea extracts, grape seed extracts, rose extracts and so on.
5. Fatty acids: Fatty acids can help maintain the water-oil balance of the skin, preventing dryness and wrinkles. Common fatty acids are linolenic acid, omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, etc.
6. Peptides: Peptides can stimulate the skin to produce collagen, thus increasing the elasticity and firmness of the skin. Common peptide ingredients include lysine-tyrosine-lysine peptide and palmitoyl pentapeptide.
7. Enzymes: Enzymes can help skin cell renewal and increase skin metabolism, thus preventing skin aging. Common enzymes include fruit acids, lactic acid bacteria, etc.

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