Usage and maintenance of power drainage and irrigation units
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Before using the equipment, it is essential to conduct a thorough inspection to ensure safe and efficient operation. First, check the environment inside and around the equipment room. Remove any obstacles that might hinder the unit’s normal function. Avoid swimming in the pool and regularly clear debris from the pool and suction pipe. For units installed outdoors or in damp areas, inspect the sunshade, waterproofing, and moisture protection. Measure the insulation resistance periodically, and if the motor shows signs of dampness, dry it immediately.
Next, verify the operational conditions. Ensure all bolt connections are secure, and the coupling bolts are properly fastened. Check that the bearing lubricating oil is sufficient, clean, and meets the required standards. Confirm that the packing is properly filled and the packing gland is adjusted correctly. Manually rotate the unit to check for smooth operation and listen for any unusual noises or friction.
Then, examine the electrical system. Use a voltmeter to measure the insulation resistance between the windings and the casing. The value should be at least 5 MΩ; if it drops below 0.5 MΩ, the motor may be damp and needs drying. Check that all starting equipment and electrical devices are in good condition, including fuses and protective systems. Ensure the wiring matches the motor’s nameplate specifications—either star (Y) or delta (△) connection. Close the fuse and switch, and confirm the power supply voltage is within the allowed range (±5% of rated voltage). The voltage difference between phases should not exceed 5%.
Perform a test start-up to observe whether the motor starts properly, rotates in the correct direction, and operates smoothly without noise or vibration. If the motor fails to start, investigate both the electrical and mechanical systems. If the rotation direction is incorrect, swap any two of the three power lines. If abnormalities occur, stop the unit immediately and address the issue.
During operation, pay close attention to the pump’s startup procedure. Centrifugal pumps must be started with the gate valve closed, and the valve should be opened quickly after the standby group runs normally, typically within 3 to 5 minutes. Prolonged closure can cause overheating and damage. Axial and mixed flow pumps should start with the gate valve open.
Monitor the unit’s sound and vibration levels. Excessive noise or vibration may indicate a fault. These symptoms often signal potential issues, so regular checks are crucial to prevent failures. Continuously monitor the bearing temperature. If it becomes too high, stop the unit and investigate the cause—overfilling, underfilling, poor oil quality, or contamination can all lead to overheating. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for oil changes and intervals.
Keep an eye on the meter readings. A stable pointer indicates normal operation. Sudden changes or jumps in the meter’s position require immediate inspection. Check the pump’s packing to ensure it is neither too tight nor too loose, allowing a small drip but no continuous water flow. Inspect the inlet pipe joints for leaks and maintain proper sealing.
Observe the water level in the tank. If it drops to the minimum level, shut down the pump to avoid damage. Regularly remove weeds and debris from the pool. When stopping a centrifugal pump, close the gate valve first before cutting off the power. Never allow an abrupt shutdown.
During downtime, drain all remaining water from the pump and pipes. If possible, disassemble the pump and pipes, clean them, apply anti-rust paint, and store them in a dry area. Inspect the bearings for wear, replace heavily worn ones, and clean and re-grease the rest. Check the impeller for cracks or cavitation, and inspect the pump shaft for bends or wear. Repair or replace as needed.
Verify the clearance between the impeller and the leakage reduction ring. If the clearance exceeds the allowable limit, replace or repair the ring. If the unit uses a belt, remove it and store it in a dry, ventilated place, away from oily substances. Inspect the motor, electrical panels, and wiring for damage and make necessary repairs. Clean or replace fillers to prevent corrosion.
If the pump and pipes cannot be removed, cover the outlet to prevent debris from entering. Store any removed screws and nuts by coating them with waste oil or soaking them in diesel to prevent rust. This comprehensive maintenance routine ensures long-term reliability and performance of the equipment.