Comprehensive prevention and control techniques for fish caries

There are many types of fish caries, which mainly occur in grass carp and herring. The annual season is from August to October. In the prevention and treatment of fish caries, they should check the concept of obstruction, find out the source of the disease, accurately diagnose it, and prescribe the right medicine.

(I) Bacterial rickets

The pathogen is flexibacterium, and the bacterial cell size is 2-14 micron.

1. Symptoms: The diseased fish has black rot and increased mucus. The inner skin of the humerus is congested with sludge, and the sputum rots to expose the bone. In severe cases, the patella is eroded into a circular, irregular and transparent window. . Diseased fish are slow to move, their body color is black, and they are traveling alone.

2. Control methods: (1) Injection of bacterial vaccines to enhance fish immunity and disease resistance. (2) According to each cubic meter of water body, use Chinese gallnut 1-4 grams to splash water on Quanchipue, or use 10 grams of quick lime per acre and add 2.5 grams of salt to Quanchiposa, once a day for 7 days, and use it 3 times. (3) Antimicrobial agents were added to the bait: Astragalus membranaceus, Daqingye, Chinese black peony, and honeysuckle were processed into powder in equal amounts, 2% to 3% of fish feed was added, or oxytetracycline 1 to 2 was added per kg of feed. Grams.

(b) Mycotic caries

Pathogens are chytridiomycetes, cyanobacteria, Fusarium and other fungi.

1. Symptoms: The diseased fish has black silk and hyphae. The diseased fish is thin, with poor appetite and slow swimming. It often occurs in ponds with water quality aging from June to July.

2. Control methods: (1) Clear lime or bleaching powder is strictly sterilized in clear ponds, and chlorine preparations and quicklime are alternately sprayed once every 15 to 20 days in high temperature season, especially for hydantoin preparations. (2) Regular injection of new water, improvement of water quality conditions, reduction of organic matter content, maintenance of fresh water, rich oxygen. (3) Feeding and fertilizer should be applied in proper amount. Organic fertilizer must be used after lime fermentation, and organic fertilizer should not be applied during the rainy season. (4) Each 100 kilograms of feed plus clotrimazole made baits, 5 to 7 days for a course of treatment, usually feed to add enough vitamins, enhance immunity. (5) A powder of artemisia annua, calamus, astragalus, and Folium was mixed in a ratio of 5:2:2:1, and 2% of feed was fed with fish. (6) The use of a complex biological agent 10 to 40 mg/L to treat excessive ammonia nitrogen in the water body, and at the same time, the formulation is fed with bait, thereby inhibiting the growth of mold. (7) Chlorine dioxide 0.3 to 0.4ppm Quanchiposa, once a day, once every 3 to 4 times. (8) Add 1% of "Huijian" bait to feed, twice a day for 3 days.

(c) Protozoal rickets

1. Symptoms: The diseased fish floats on a sunny day and floats like an oxygen-depleted floating head. When it is fed, it is not loaded on the feed table or eaten for a while. It floats on the surface of the water and swims slowly. The fish body is wasted and grows slowly. Lifting the diseased fish larvae can be seen in the tissue hyperplasia, the surface of the silk reel has protruding small mound-like nodules, there are worms in the nodules, the mucus in the iliac crest increases, and the bacterial rickets often occur concurrently.

2. Control methods: (1) In the spring and autumn, copper sulfate and potassium permanganate are mixed in a ratio of 5:2, and 0.5 g/m3 Quanchiposa. (2) Copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate are mixed in a ratio of 5:2, and are splashed at a rate of 0.7 g/m3. (3) Use 10 to 13 kilograms of masson pine, black cypress, and buckwheat leaves (leather) per acre pool, chop the decoction into 12 to 25 kilograms of sap, and splash the whole pool once a day for 3 days. (4) Take 30 to 40 kilograms of buckwheat tree branches and put them directly into the pond for stacking, and remove the residue after 5 to 7 days, which can effectively prevent and treat the disease.

(d) trematode rickets

1. Symptoms: The diseased fish is irritated and often jumps out of the water, or suddenly “flocks” during the process of eating. The fish body is thin and the skin color becomes lighter. Sick fish swollen, adhesions, tiny silkworms and mucus in the mucus.

2. Control methods: (1) Trichlorfon 0.5 to 1 g/m3 Quanchiposa. (2) Super bacteria net 0.3 ~ 0.4 g / cubic meter Quanchiposa, can also be used Chloride killing, fish health chlorine dioxide and other fungicide Quanchiposa, after the first 3 days of medication to be injected with some new water, favorable fish recovery appetite. (3) Pomegranate peel, black peony root, and betel nut were mixed into powder at a ratio of 3:3:4, and 0.5% was added to the fish feed to feed it twice a day for 3 days. The effect of preventing or treating the disease was good.

(E) Hemorrhagic rickets

The disease is caused by poor water quality, that is, water quality is bad, a large number of cyanobacteria breeding, the water content of ammonia is too high, stimulated by chemical pollution, insecticides, etc., diseased fish gills microvascular production of organic disease, the formation of aneurysms.

Control methods: 1 meter per acre, 10 kg dry leaves, 5 kg dry grass, 5 kg dried astragalus, 5 kg water, 90 kg of Daqing leaf, drizzle, dripping filtrate, Quanchiposa For 3 to 5 days.

(6) Nutritional rickets

The sick fishes are curled, and the small pieces are curled and atrophied, and the arrangement is irregular.

Control methods: (1) Adjust the nutrition level of fish feed so that the nutrients such as amino acid balance, unsaturated fatty acids, calcium and phosphorus in the feed meet the growth and development needs of fish. (2) Using pine needles, black peony, seaweed powder, perilla, and flaxseed, mixed into powder at a ratio of 4:3:2:1, and adding 2% to 4% of fish feed can prevent the occurrence of the disease.

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